What is most valued in modern day society?

What does an American civilian think is more important; being their own person or fitting in with everyone else? It seems as if the modern day American residents want to fit into a criteria that â€Å"everybody else is doing it† you can tell based on the products they purchase, or the actions they take. We can tell Americans care about conformity more than being their own person because of the present day products. 7% percent f teenagers already have an ‘phone while 62% percent of teenagers say they are going to purchase an Apple ‘phone for their next phone. 51% said they already owned an apple product such as an pod, pad, or Mac. (philanderer. Com) If 47% of teens own an ‘phone that only leaves 53% to the other smartness. More people have an ‘phone than any other smartened. This is a perfect example of conformity in America, everyone wants the latest and greatest. Products do not stop at electronics, brand name clothing and accessories.Many of these pr oducts are Just as ell made as other non-brand name products but because of the label on the merchandise not only does the demand go up, but so does the price because there is knowledge that the brand name will bring in more customers. Products are not the only thing that proves that modern day Americans care more about conformity more than being an individual based on their actions. People in this country will change almost anything about themselves to â€Å"fit in† from their hair, their make up, their clothing to what they put into their bodies. Tobacco usage, for instance.Young people are more likely to smoke tobacco if their peers smoke or if they see tobacco usage as a social normality. â€Å"Each day in the United States, more than 3,200 people younger than 18 years of age smoke their first cigarette, and an estimated 2,100 youth and young adults who have been occasional smokers become daily cigarette smokers† (Youth and Tobacco Use) If there was no social influ ence on tobacco then why would people start smoking it? With all the knowledge we know today about how armful tobacco is to a person's body, why would someone go out of their way to spend money on cigarettes?Tobacco is a perfect example of conformity being valued more than individuality. All in all the products purchased and the actions taken by present day Americans clearly show that Americans value conformity more than individuality. Conformity is not always a bad thing, sometimes a person might enjoy fitting in' somewhere or feeling like they belong. It can be difficult sometimes to be an individual when it feels like the whole world has another idea of how things should be.

Franny and Zooey Character Analysis of Franny

Gokce Aysen Akp? nar 05. 11. 2012 Is Love for Yourself Possible? In J. D. Salinger’s book â€Å"Franny and Zooey†, the character Franny is a 20-year-old college girl who comes from a very loving and intellectual family. She has a boyfriend who is handsome and in love with her. Moreover, she used to act in a TV show named â€Å"It’s a Wild Child† with her siblings when she was a child. To put it in a nutshell, it can be thought that she is supposed to be a very happy young lady; however, she is not. Actually, Franny has lots of reasons not to be happy with her life.When we look at the very beginning of the ‘Franny’ section, we see some gestures and mimics of Franny indicating that the relationship between her and Lane is based on appearances: â€Å"’I’ve missed you. ’ The words were no sooner out than she realized that she didn’t mean them at all. Again with guilt, she took Lane’s hand and tightly, warmly lac ed fingers with him. † In this quotation, we see that Franny emphasizes the word ‘missed’ on purpose as if she wants to force herself to believe that she really missed him. The next sentence also supports this.She doesn’t miss Lane, she says so only because those are the right words to say at that time. After realizing her own pretentious affection, she feels like these fake words are noticed by Lane and she holds Lane’s hand tightly to cover this pretentious act. Another quotation that depicts Franny’s before-breakdown condition is when Lane tells Franny that she is perspiring a little and Franny tries to find her Kleenex branded tissues in her bag: â€Å"Franny brought her handbag up to table level, opened it, and began to rummage through it. ‘I have some Kleenex somewhere. †¦ Her handbag was a crowded one. To see better, she began to unload a few things and place them on the tablecloth, just to the left of her untasted sandwich. † When we look at her actions in this quotation, firstly we realise that she does not ‘look for’ the tissues, she ‘rummages through’ it. Lane’s realization of her perspiration apparently annoys her, so she wants to get rid of the sweat on her forehead immediately. Also, the emphasize on the ‘just to the left of her untasted sandwich’ indicates her physical restless next to her spiritual one.When it comes to the analysis of the character Franny, we can say that the objective of the character is to protect herself from the artificial environment in her department, in the play she quit, shortly, everyone around her. She finds everyone too pretentious, including her boyfriend Lane whom she calls ‘section man’. Although she loves literature and theatre, she is afraid to turn into someone pretentious just like the others, as a result, she tries to restrain herself from these people. In the respect of the superobjective of t his character, Franny tries to find her own resurrection in a spiritual way.She feels overwhelmed from the pretentious people around her and with the help of the green book, she believes she can find relief. The character Franny tries to fit in the society she is in which she thinks of as superficial. We can say that this is the most obvious goal of this character. While she tries to fit in, she cannot neglect the parts in people which she feels disgusted by. This is the main obsticle she comes across. Another obsticle could be her not being able to accept her elder brothers’ previous advice. However, after talking to Zooey thinking that she talks to Buddy, she finally finds the ultimate relief.

The Black Death in the Middle Ages Research Paper

The Black Death in the Middle Ages - Research Paper Example The bacillus normally persists as a mild infection in the bloodstream of infected rats. The rat flea, or Xenopsylla cheopis, is the vector which transmits the bacillus to other rats. In unusual circumstances, such as the absence of an adequate rodent population, the flea may bite and infect humans. The human immune system is very vulnerable to the bacillus and the plague is usually fatal1. A study of the origin, spread, characteristics and significance of the Black Death in the Middle Ages shows that it was one of the greatest catastrophes in human history. The origin of the Black Death can be traced through historical accounts to Central Asia: â€Å"The earliest documented appearance --- occurred in 1346, in the Mongol territory called the Khanate of the Golden Horde† in present-day southern Russia2. The plague crossed biological barriers in Central Asia to attack and decimate the marmot population. These dead mammals were skinned by Asian trappers and the hides became a part of the merchandise which travelled down the famous ‘Silk Road’ from China, across Asia and to the Crimea.3 The outbreak is reported to have emerged after earthquakes and strange atmospheric conditions. The pestilence first ravaged the teeming populations of China and India, and moved to Persia, supposedly resulting in twenty-four million casualties in the East. There are accounts of horrendous casualties in China, India, Mesopotamia, Cairo, Syria and Cyprus. Gabriele de’ Mussis, a notary of Piacenza, writes that â€Å"In the year 1346, in eastern parts an immense number of Tartars and Saracens fell victims to a sudden and mysterious death.† ... Tartars and Saracens fell victims to a sudden and mysterious death.†5 The Tartars besieged the Black Sea port of Caffa (modern Feodosia), a Genoese settlement in the Crimea, where Italian merchants had taken refuge. The Tartars reportedly catapulted plague-infected corpses into Caffa, spreading the infection to the Genoese, who in turn carried it to Genoa. By 1348, the plague had moved from the seaports to reach the inland areas of Alexandria, Tunisia, Italy and France. It jumped across the seas to Britain, Ireland and Norway. It continued to spread until, â€Å"By 1350 virtually all of western and central Europe has been affected.†6 The plague moved eastwards to Poland and the Baltic lands the next year and then back to Central Asia in 1353, when it finally subsided. Historians currently estimate that, between 1346 –1353, the Black Death may have caused 50 million deaths in Europe. This constituted about 60 percent of the population. The characteristic symptoms o f the Black Death show it to have been a lethal combination of the Bubonic plague and the pneumonic plague. At the onset of the bacillus’ entry into the human bloodstream, the immune system responded with fever and the swelling of the lymph nodes in an attempt to flush out the contagion. These painful, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits and groin, were called buboes: hence Bubonic plague. These swellings were referred to as the gavocciolo. Boccaccio states that some of these swellings â€Å"were egg-shaped while others were roughly the size of the common apple.†7 By the third day the victim experienced high fever, diarrhea and delirium and the skin showed dark splotches due to the rupture of blood capillaries and the clotting of blood beneath the epidermis. This darkening of the skin may be the

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example The author also dissuaded the participants to minimize checking their emails to reduce stress but found that habits are hard to break. The approach of this writing used several rhetorical devices to make the article persuasive, convincing and easy to understand without losing its scientific approach. First, the article attempted to get the reader’s attention by engaging them with an emotion which is the province of pathos that they truly concerned about which is stress and how email relates to it. The article then proceeded in using logos when it stated the scientific method of having a controlled experiment to answer the question of the article. Controlled experiment meant having a set of subjects or participants under a controlled condition to test a certain hypothesis which in this case is that frequently opening mail is inimical to our well-being or causes stress. Ethos or the background of the authors helped the article to become credible. According to article, the author designed an experiment that would measure how checking email behavior influence people’s pressure and this used the rhetorical device of logos. In the study, the experimenters hired 124 adults which included students, professors, and I.T workers. They divided the participants into two groups at random. The experiment took several weeks involving several process. One of the methods employed in the experiment is to illustrate how emails affect the stress levels of participants. Half of the group can check their emails anytime and half of the group were only to open their mails three times day. The situation was reversed with the participants and after collecting the data to determine result, it yielded the same result that â€Å"cutting back on email might reduce stress as much as picture yourself swimming in the warm waters of a tropical island several times a day †(Gray 1). It has to be

ECON PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ECON PAPER - Essay Example My small business is related to the development and marketing of herbal medicine for chronic ailments like arthritis, asthma, which when treated with allopathic medicines bring many side effects with them. Doctors prescribe the drugs, which are mostly NSAIDs and are used to provide relief from pain. Although, they are highly effective yet they have severe side effects too. They can instill stomach cramps, drowsiness, diarrhea, heartburn, edema (swelling of the feet), nausea and much of the discomfort. Over and above, NSAIDs carry a risk of causing heart attacks, stroke, clotting, and kidney failure, if taken for a long period of time. The risk is proportionate to the dosages. No patient would like to suffer such perils after continued consumption of these drugs. If they are given a choice for an alternative herbal medicine; it is certain that they will always switch over to a safer drug where the possibilities of any side effects are not there. My herbal medicines are made from rind of mangosteen, ginger, and many such herbs. My herbal medicines are targeted to those customers who do not get permanent cure from ailments as mentioned above. (See The Columbia Encyclopedia, p-30582) Mangosteen is a naturally available fruit and is said to be a queen of fruits in their growing countries. Extracts of it are used to formulate herbal medicines that work as a potent anti inflammatory. Its extraordinary ability to cure lies in a compound called xanthones, which are abundantly available in the rind of this fruit. Science has found 40 types of xanthones in mangosteen. Thus, this is the most potent source of xanthones naturally available. Xanthones are the most powerful antioxidants provided by nature. Antioxidants are the compounds necessary for our healthy life. They slow the process of ageing and work as potent anti inflammatory

Relationship between EU and Ukraine Research Paper

Relationship between EU and Ukraine - Research Paper Example The Ukraine political system which does not encourage democracy might also have been a hindering factor to the good relationship between the EU and Ukraine. Some people also believe that the relationship between Russia and Ukraine would have also contributed to this hardship. Russia has been long known to have a poor relationship with Ukraine. The preparation of Ukraine to accession into the EU began in the year 2012 in Brussels. However, by November the same year, the twenty seven governments under the European Union and the European parliament had not signed the agreement. This was a result of the poor relationship between the EU and Ukraine because of the way the former prime minister of Ukraine, YuliaTymoshenko was treated and sentenced. The European Union and a section of its member states, Germany being the most notable, had resulted to putting some pressure on the then president of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovich to stop the sentencing of the former prime minister because of her poor health status (Movchan and Shportyuk 12). Despite there being a number of meetings that had been organized between the EU and the Ukraine government, the EU leaders had snubbed some of these meetings. The relationship between Ukraine and the EU only got worse after this. In the year 2012, the EU leaders snubbed the 2012 UEFA Euro championships after being requested to do so by Ukraine’s opposition leaders. The EU leaders asserted that there would be no signing of the Association Agreement if Ukraine did not attend to the concerns about democracy in their political system.

Impact of introduction of business intelligence tools in organization Research Paper

Impact of introduction of business intelligence tools in organization - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that ever changing newer technologies have transformed businesses all over the world and these technologies are actually determining the future viability of a said business in today’s competitive environment. An organization today is more or less global in some way or the other, therefore, the competition is not constrained to geographical boundaries. The effect of this threat is evident and companies are being more proactive in investing in software suites that would provide them with the competitive edge over their rivals. Economies in many ways are becoming more and more technology dependent these days and this means that the organizations performing business in these economies too should equip themselves with technology and use it to outperform their competitors. Many theorists have argued over the recent times that organizations should employ technology to make them more agile and flexible. To serve this purpose, many renowned business managers came up with the idea of using statistical measures to best translate the data they have. Data is only an asset if it can be transformed into some useful information by the means of which decision making could be made easier and business managers can forecast their production plans and marketing strategies. Companies therefore are moving away from conventional approaches to a paradigm where information management is a very important determinant. The researcher therefore aims to examine the information landscape of an organization before the implementation of a business intelligence tool and the after effects of the implementation. He will also look into the different technologies available and how each technology varies with the organization type and organization size. Moreover, he will also take into consideration the success stories of many different organizations that are reaping huge rewards with a successful Business Intelligence tool implementation! The researcher will look to fin d and interview concerned business managers such as Sales managers, Brands managers, Credit managers, Compliance managers and Technical managers. This array of managers don’t only show the diversity of application of Business Intelligence technology but also show the various set of departments can benefit from one Business Intelligence implementation in an organizations. 2. Objectives The objectives of this research are very well defined and cater to a very specific niche of applications. They are as follows: To examine what effect on organization’s performance can a specific Business Intelligence application bring To examine how organization can define certain Key Performance Indicators and use them to gain business edge How reporting and dashboards can simplify a manager’s job To assess the value of historic data and how can it be used to work like a decision support system To study if Business Intelligence applications are compatible with other information pr oviding software available in the organization? To differentiate between different Business Intelligence Technologies available and recommend the ideal match for a specific organization To calculate a typical ROI on Business Intelligence Suite Implementation To study how to streamline the general architecture of a BI implementation with the organization’s IT architecture 3. Background Organizations over the years have tried their best to forecast or predict things. In the recent past these studies were based on study of current happenings and events. Since the introduction of computers at the workplace, these studies became much more

Designing a Leadership Development Plan Assignment

Designing a Leadership Development Plan - Assignment Example ice Waterhouse Coopers 2008/2009 report, 19% of the managers and 29% of company executives in various organizations are eligible for retirement in 2015. There is the need for adequate plans to replace these baby boomers without compromising organizational performance. The mobile phone and electronics industry is becoming more competitive with time. With the establishment of more telecommunication firms, there is growing competition that requires a leadership approach in securing Samsung’s market share. The leadership strategy aims at mitigating the effects of business rivalry on the company’s revenue, and developing plans to expand the market share. A labor-skills requirement manual helps in the assessment of leadership gaps in the organization. The human resource department prepares a skills inventory that takes consideration of the leadership capabilities of the workers. This achieves identification of leadership gaps in departments and workstations and helps in finding out the leadership skills or qualities that need improvement. The involvement of employees in leadership surveys will provide valuable information for assessment of leadership needs. A questionnaire on desirable leadership qualities, styles, and capacity can be of great importance in providing information on leadership requirements of the organization. This may also help in identification of potential leaders in the organization for nurturing. A review and analysis of Samsung’s revenue for the past three years will be helpful in understanding the influence of competition on the company. The trends in revenue in comparison with those of close competitors will provide insight on how Samsung is fairing on in the market. Customer satisfaction surveys will give a glimpse of the reality in how the market perceives Samsung’s products. The feedback from customers provides valuable information on the level of client satisfaction, loyalty, areas of dissatisfaction, and close substitutes they

The prosecution of James Phang Wah and Jackie Hoo Choon Cheat Essay

The prosecution of James Phang Wah and Jackie Hoo Choon Cheat directors of an insolvent company, Sunshine Empire - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the firm swindled investors who bought lifestyle packages. The firm also promised investors returns which were not from genuine profits but were actually funds recycled from new members joining the scheme. These two scenarios constituted criminal law. Another case is where Phang’s wife was paid a commission of nearly 950,000 US dollars for her work as the company’s group sales director, a job she never had or did. Sunshine empire was a corporation. Therefore all its operations were governed by the corporations’ law that existed. Some of the requirements of this law are proper maintenance of books of accounts. This company never kept proper books of account. On the other hand, a company is normally formed with the sole object of not dealing in illegal trade. The company also breached this by processing uncensored and obscene films. All these cases led to the breach of corporations’ law. The company is being wound up. Therefore, t he Commercial affairs department has seized about twenty-one million US dollars and will establish how these funds should be disbursed to the firm’s creditors. This constitutes property law. The directors’ intention of selling 26,000 packages and earning 180, 000 US dollars was unacceptable. They knew that the scheme would fail. An important aspect of Law of contract is ‘acting in good faith.’ The directors breached this provision. On the other hand, Phang’s wife is also being fined for falsifying payment vouchers. This constituted a breach of contract law. How the Law helps in the following Situations Allows people to Organize and Plan Law in itself can help people organize and plan their future actions. In the case of Sunshine Empire, investors are applying the provision of the law to plan their future actions. This is evidenced by the fact that they buy packages from Sunshine Empire with the hope that they will get higher returns. There was a ris k though with such investment as the company could collapse in the future leading to heavy losses to investors; and true to this, the company eventually went under receivership. How Law Encourages or discourages Particular activities Law can act to encourage or discourage certain activities. The prosecution of directors is a common example where the law doe not permit swindling of investors money through fraudulent activities. The directors defrauded the public of their through false investment activities, hence had to pay for their illegal acts (Howitt, p68). The law also acts to encourage compensation in cases of losses being suffered by a given party to a contract. This is seen when the commercial affairs department of company sets aside money to disburse to the firm’s creditors. How Law Creates Rights and Duties that can be enforced The contract between Sunshine Empire and its investors is a clear indication of a situation where law can create rights and duties which can be enforced. The investors invest their funds in the hope of higher returns in the future. The company gets wound up and the Commercial Affairs Department sets aside funds to settle creditors’ claims. By settling the creditors claim, a right of compensation in case of damages or loss is being enforced. How Law Provides remedies when Rights are interfered with or duties are not discharged In this case, creditors are being given funds set aside to cover for their losses as the company goes into liquidation. This clearly shows how law can be used to provide remedy in case of interference with somebody’s rights or where duties in a contract are not fully discharged. Why it is Important to know the law in the circumstances described in the Media report Members of the public at large should know the

The Korean conflict of 1950 to 1953 Essay Example for Free

The Korean conflict of 1950 to 1953 Essay To what extent was the Korean conflict of 1950 to 1953 a turning point in the Cold War? The beginnings of the Cold War, the period between 1945 and 1949, were fraught with a mutual tension and distrust sustained chiefly by the bold, economically expansionist policies of the USA and the defensive, albeit retaliatory, responses of the Soviet Union. Until 1950, America had relied upon her own currency in curtailing what she perceived as the spread of communist influence. The start of the Korean War, however, saw the revampment of American policy and the globalisation, as well as the exacerbation, of the existing superpower tension. As such, to a large extent, the Korean conflict was a departure from previous trends in the American-Soviet conflict. In reaffirmation of my stand is the fact that the battlefield had expanded beyond the borders of continental Europe into the environmentally hostile regions of Korea, and that the participants of this new Cold War were no longer confined to the superpowers themselves. At the same time, though only to a slight degree, the Korean War was still reminiscent of the old, European Cold War, as manifested by Trumans citing of the Domino Theory in the face of an invasion of South Korea by the communist North, a typical instance of American failure to fully grasp the situation with which they are dealing. Of foremost importance to the turning point of the superpower enmity is the implementation of NSC 68. As aforementioned, before the conflict extended to Asia, the USA had capitalised upon its financial power by channelling economic aid to client states in combating Soviet communism. This policy of economic expansion was no longer adhered to in Korea, as demonstrated by the NSC 68 which marked the militarisation of the Cold War in essence. Under internal pressure, the Truman administration propounded an expansion of American military forces and atomic stockpile, as well as the hastened development of a thermonuclear bomb to remain a step ahead of the Soviets in the nuclear field. This new policy of rollback is evident from the period of 1950 to 1953, during which the USA had increased its military output sevenfold and was in a state of preparedness for war. Believing in the necessity for the US military to outnumber or be on par with the large Soviet army in terms of number, Truman advocated an increase in military spending and managed to extract billions of dollars from Congress to be spent on the expansion of American armed forces, the rendering of military succour to potential allies, and the development of the hydrogen bomb. The presidents belief in the importance of armed and nuclear supremacy also resonated with Washington as a whole. In addition, in response to North Korean invasion of the democratic South, Truman had called for international involvement in the regional conflict in forming an attack force consisting of the South Korean army, as well as contingents from fifteen other countries not including America herself. The expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) was also a deviation from American action in post-war Europe. NATO was immediately given a larger secretariat and a more unified command structure. A total of four US divisions were sent to Europe to act as reinforcements and, in 1951, the organisation was enlarged to accommodate new members, namely Turkey and Greece. Acting opportunistically to threaten the USSR, the USA had made use of Turkey, which lay in close proximity with Soviet Russia, as a military base on which American Jupiter missiles could be established. Due to the excellent geographical location of Turkey, these missiles could be aimed and fired at the Soviet Union, and acted as a deterrence against the Soviet invasion of Middle Eastern oilfields. To strengthen NATO and assist its member allies, the USA had been in favour of an increase in military spending and had channelled economic aid to its allies. Previously, in 1949, before the superpower conflict expanded beyond its regional borders, the organisation was set up with only the intention of acting as a disincentive against a communist attack on the capitalist West. While it was still meant to deter potential communist aggression, the new, expanded NATO had also posed a direct military threat to the Soviets, as demonstrated by the placing of US Jupiter Missiles in Turkey and American exhortation of increasing military spending, and had thus contributed to the militarisation of the conflict as a whole. American advocacy for West German rearmament and sovereignty differed significantly from earlier policy as well. In the past, after German defeat in World War II, the USA had feared the recrudescence of German aggression. With the outbreak of the Korean War, however, the fear of a revived Germany was transcended by an intense paranoia of communist expansion. The rearmament and procurement of full-fledged independence of West Germany was deemed a necessity as a result; the resurrection of Russias former wartime adversary would rekindle old fears of German expansion and deter Soviet aggression. After the occurrence of war in Korea, in hopes of putting up a stronger attack front against the Soviets, the USA had begun to favour the idea of West German rearmament, which the French strongly opposed. Ultimately, to dispell French fears, the USA agreed to the French Pleven Plan to allow West Germany to be part of a European Defence Community. This, however, was met with disapproval from the Germans, most of whom were opposed to the idea of military rearmament and preferred instead to be independent of foreign control. Seeing as how the political and economic reconstruction of West Germany was a long-term goal, the USA agreed to remove all occupation controls and grant Germany full statehood. The Korean War was indubitably a turning point in the Cold War, as seen in the fact that its occurrence galvanised the Americans to rearm and grant independence to Germany, something that would previously have been regarded with doubt and apprehension. American signing of the ANZUS pact and recognition of Japan as a post-war ally varied from previous policy too. Like in the case of Germany, the USA had erstwhile been wary of future Japanese expansion and was not likely to grant Japan freedom from foreign supervision. The Korean War had changed American attitude entirely and had accelerated the political and economic recovery of Japan, which was confirmed in the signing of the San Francisco peace treaty in 1951. The treaty restored Japanese sovereignty and ended American occupation in Japan in the following year. In exchange for independence, Japan had to sign a Mutual Security Agreement, under which the Japanese islands were to act as a breakwater against the currents of communist expansion. The USA had also signed the ANZUS pact with New Zealand and Australia and, in so doing, agreed to defend Asia and Australia from Japanese aggression. In return, the two countries would assist in the deterrence of communist expansion in the Pacific. Similarly in the case of Germany, Japan would not have received its sovereignty if it were not for the Korean War, especially since the granting of Japanese independence might have been at the expense of the security of Australasia. American policy in Southeast Asia revealed the sudden central importance of the continent to the USA and this, in itself, was another departure from existing Cold War trends. In the early years prior to the start of war in Korea, the scope to which American policy functioned was limited only to continental Europe and parts of the Middle East. However, with the globalisation of the conflict, American operations in favour of confining the spectre of communist influence within the sphere from which it originated spanned from Europe to Asia. The USA provided relentless economic and military support to the French in their war with the Vietminh led by communist Ho, whom the Americans viewed as an agent of the Kremlin. In American eyes, both the non-communist countries of Southeast Asia and Japan were of pivotal significance in guaranteeing prosperity and hence freedom from communist influence. Before 1950, American intervention in communist acivities were confined only to Europe. However, with the outbreak of war in Korea, the scope of its policy had extended across the oceans to a foreign continent. This is revelatory of the far-reaching impacts of the Korean War on the superpower conflict. To an extent of lesser significance, however, the Korean War was an affirmation of the trends of the European Cold War. For instance, the USA had intervened in the regional conflict thinking that North Korean crossing of the 38th parallel was premeditated by Stalin. Such misrepresentations of global communist activities as being a result of the sole manipulation of the Soviet leader, and not the local leaders themselves, are a quintessence of American paranoia and oversight. Truman had also misread the situations in Greece and Turkey, unwavering in his erroneous view of communism as inherently monolithic. Trumans misunderstanding of the situation in Korea was further reinforced by his citing of the Domino theory in response to the North Korean invasion. The president stated that Asia would fall to Soviet communism should there be no action taken by America. As can be seen from this misinterpretation that was so typical of the irrational fear of the USA, the conflict in Korea does prove to be a confirmation of Cold War trends that were already in existence in post-war Europe. American response to the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China was another typical instance of the trends of the Cold War before 1953. On a basis of reasoning that was largely gratuitous by nature, Truman surmised that the Chinese communists were agents of Moscow sent by Stalin to communise the Asian periphery, referring to the communist takeover as the fall of China. America had responded ambivalently to the formation of the Chinese Communist Party, outwardly declaring the formation of diplomatic relations with the new regime, yet ordering the cessation of economic aid to Chiang Kai Shek. Hence it would seem that Truman had not only inherited Roosevelts title as president of America but also his intrinsic uncertainty and diplomatic ambiguity displayed at Yalta in 1945. Trumans ambiguous response to the fall of China reflected an inconsistency in American policy that was already exhibited earlier in the days when the Cold War was confined only to continental Europe. Even so, the events in Korea from 1950 to 1953 largely marked a turning point in the Cold War. This is seen in the extent of change in American policy thereafter, as well as the fact of international involvement in the conflict. Though only regional by nature, the Korean War had had far-reaching effects on foreign politics, like those of Japan and Germany, playing a major role in influencing American decision to grant full-fledged independence to these countries. Also, the Korean War marked the globalisation of what was once a regional conflict, as well as a departure from earlier American policy, from the provision of economic succour to the building up of armed forces and military and nuclear arsenal. As such, to a large extent, the Korean War was a turning point for the superpower enmity.

Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) Marketing Report

Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) Marketing Report 1. Jaguar Land Rover company profile Jaguar Land Rover Cars (JLR), founded in 1922, is one of the worlds premier manufacturers of luxury saloons and sports cars. It is a business built around two great British car brands with exceptional design and engineering capabilities. Their manufacturing facilities are in the UK and currently employ over 16,000 people, predominantly in the UK (Tata Company Profile, 2009). In June 2008 Indias Tata Motors bought JLR from Ford Motors for  £1.15bn (BBC, 2008). The JLR business acts as a major wealth generator for the UK, with 78 per cent of Land Rovers exported to 169 countries and 70 per cent of Jaguars exported to 63 countries. Sales to customers are conducted principally through franchised dealers and importers (Tata company profile, 2009). However, since the acquisition Land Rover sales have fallen nearly 23 per cent in 2009, down to 144,133. Jaguar was also down by nearly 20 per cent to around 52,500 (Birmingham Post, 2010). 2. Recent developments: Jaguar Land Rover has reported a net profit of 55 million the financial year 2009. This has been possible because of the new models launched by the company in the year 2009. This includes the All New Jaguar XJ, which has reported impressive sales figures for the company. JLR has also secured various financial loans to continue its search for new models and new technologies. This includes the GBP 340 million loan from the European investment bank and also the GBP 175 million loan from the state bank of India (FT.com). They plan to employ the money in the production of Land Rover LRX concept, which is the smallest Land Rover to be launched. JLR is increasing its dependence on the emerging markets as it plans to increase its sourcing from the Indian market and also plans to moves it production to China (Coventry Telegraph.net). 3. Analysis: Competitor analysis Land Rover: Dimensions Land Rover Hummer Daimler Benz Toyota PRODUCT LINE ADVANTAGE Land Rover Presence can be seen in SUV as well as in sport cars. Hummer Has presence only in the SUV segment. Damiler benz A traditional player in all segments of car, suv and sports car manufacturing. Toyota Presence in almost all the segments of cars and trucks. SERVICE ADVANTAGE Land Rover Has presence of service networks all over the globe according to its product line. Hummer Limited presence in the world. Daimler  Benz A dealer network all over the globe Toyota An extensive dealer service available with the large product line offering. Low Cost Luxury cars (volume determinant) Land Rover No presence in this segment and low presence in the emerging markets. Hummer Reasonable price, no presence in the emerging markets. Daimler benz A strong presence in the low cost luxury market in all the emerging countries. Toyota A strong presence in the luxury market in all emerging markets. Retail Advantage Land Rover Has a dealer in all parts of the world. Hummer Low presence in emerging markets and in Africa. Daimler Benz Has the biggest network of dealers in comparison to the competitors. Toyota Has a dealer authorisation in all parts of the world. Technological Advantage Land Rover Has an growth in RD spending of about 11.6%in 2009. Hummer Development of new cars H4 and H3T. Daimler benz Plans to increase its RD spend to 12.6 billion euros over the next three years. Toyota Ranked number one company in RD spending for all the industries. Supply Chain Land Rover Has 1 primary manufacturing plant at Solihull, near Birmingham. Hummer Has 6 plants worldwide including assembly plants. With no presence in the emerging markets. Daimler benz Has plants spread out in all parts of the world including factories in emerging countries. Toyota Toyota conducts its business worldwide with 64 overseas manufacturing companies in 28 countries and regions. Recent Performance Land Rover They turned into profit in December quarter with net profit of 4.17 billion rupees Hummer Sales in the first three months of 2010 fell down by 72% to 855 vehicles. Daimler benz Mercedes has a 25.3% increase. Toyota A drop of 1.12 million units compared to the previous year. Local Collaborations Land Rover Has an advantage in the Indian market with the parent company TATA Motors in the country. Hummer None. Daimler Benz None. Toyota Has presence in all developed and emerging markets. Has factories in almost all parts of the world. Competitor analysis Jaguar: Dimensions Jaguar Porsche Daimler Benz BMW Product line advantage Jaguar Has a range of luxury and sport cars. Jaguar cars have lack of volume as there is a lower geographical spread for its models. Porsche Has presence in the sports car segment as well as the high end SUV segment. Daimler Benz A traditional player in all segments of car, suv and sports car manufacturing. BMW A presence in every segment from low cost luxury market to high class luxury cars and suvs. Service advantage Jaguar Lacks service advantage due to limited presence all over the globe. Porsche In accordance with the limited product line it has a small service network. Daimler Benz   A dealer network all over the globe. BMW A widespread dealer service network. Low cost luxury cars (volume determinant) Jaguar No presence in this segment as well as low presence in the emerging markets. Porsche No presence in this segment. But is building its presence in the high-end market of emerging countries. Daimler Benz   A strong presence in the low cost luxury market in all the emerging countries. BMW Maximum market share in this segment in emerging market behind Mercedes Benz. Retail advantage Jaguar Has a limited dealer network with even a few being company owned. Porsche Has just 2 dealers in India as an example. Daimler Benz Has the biggest network of dealers in comparison to the competitors. BMW Has authorized dealers all round the globe. Technological advantage Jaguar Has the highest RD spending for its segment of automobile companies. Porsche None Daimler Benz   Plans to double its RD spending this year to 1.4 billion dollars. BMW Has technology development and RD centre in emerging markets of China and India. Supply chain Jaguar Has only 3 factories in the UK. So a limited advantage of local production in the developed and emerging markets. Porsche Has only one production centre in Germany. Daimler Benz   None. BMW Has 24 factories in 13 countries including assembly factories in emerging countries. Recent performance Jaguar has witnessed a !3.6% drop in sales in 2010. Porsche has a 6 % increase in 2010. Daimler Benz  has a 25.3% increase. BMW also has 8.4% increase. Local collaborations Jaguar Has advantage in the market of India with the major presence of its parent company TATA motors in the country. Porsche None Daimler Benz None BMW Has significant presence in all emerging and developed markets. Has factories in emerging markets. JLR PESTEL analysis (2010): A more recent PESTEL and SWOT Analysis of JLR (2018) is available here > Political factors: After securing a loan from the European investment bank TATA has now taken a U-turn over its demand for loan from the UK government (Guardian.co.uk). Social factors: Employing large number of workforce: Jaguar Land Rover employs 15,000 people, surrounded within the UK including approximately 3,500 engineers at 2 product development centers in Coventry and Gaydon. To improve the production facilities: Manufacturing competence has improved at Jaguar Land Rovers Halewood plant with a pilot training programme that concentrated on developing employee skills and problem solving. A programme was developed in partnership with the National Skills Academy for Manufacturing (the Skills Academy) and training provider BUCAM, to combine traditional problem-solving with basic skills.( Clair Churchard) Technological factors: Jaguar Land Rover is known for its technologically superior cars. They also invented and commercialized the concept of aluminium body in their cars. Economic factors: Environmental Factors: JLR is recently searching on Wallenius Wilhelmsens Orcelle project for a lightweight environmentally sound ship that can carry 10,000 cars by using solar, wave and wind power which does not discharge any emissions into the environment or the ocean. Numbers of environmental initiatives are taken to improve the efficiency and reduce the CO2 emissions of Jaguar products. They use lightweight and recyclable material extensively and also highly efficient diesel engines. Jaguar Land rover has achieved full environment product certification for its model XJ in 2009.(Jaguar Website) Legal factors: Jaguar Land Rover is spending  £800m over five years to develop technologies designed particularly at dropping tailpipe CO2 emissions designed to meet the 25% improvement target set by the European Union which is well ahead of the industry average.(   Sam Abuelsamid  ) Land Rovers LRX Concept is a thinly veiled preview of the new small crossover the company is planning for launch around 2010. The unibody plan was created to prepare buyers for Land Rovers plans to introduce a bevy of smaller vehicles off a common platform in order to improve the brands fuel economy and CO^ output ahead of new EU legislation. Bowmans strategic clock: Jaguar: Jaguar is a strong innovation based organization, which is evident from the innovations it had come up with recently. This includes the usage of only 2 product lines instead of 6 it used previously. The analysis of its product lines shows that it desperately needs differentiation, which can be achieved through technological innovation and also through product line innovation. JLR has huge spending on RD but still has low RD spending in compared to other competitors like BMW, so innovation and differentiation in its product line is limited along with lack of cost savings is its production activities. Jaguar has low presence in the emerging markets compared to its competitors, which is an opportunity to launch attractively priced product. Land Rover: The brand Land Rover has a wider presence in the developing markets compared to Jaguar. Land Rover already has products the Freelander and Discovery targeted towards the medium end consumers. Land Rover to meet the EU legislation norms as well as the need of emerging markets has plans to come up with a range of smaller SUVs in 2011. PORTERS FIVE FORCES: Barriers to entry: Economies of scale: As our new launch of Jaguar XH requires high capital investment for the manufacturing of our new car which is environmental friendly and targeting a specific segment of the market .So the risk of new entrant is high as other big players might try to imitate the same concept. Knowledge and Technology: The ideas and knowledge that provides competitive advantage over others is its unique hydrogen-based technology which creates barrier to entry. Product Differentiation: As the new product has to be different and accepted by the customers. So, we are providing our customers with the expected attributes of premium luxury cars. Access to distribution channels: A well developed distribution is must for its success when a new product is launched in the market. So we will take advantage of well established TATA Motors channels across the world. Buyers: Swithching cost: As it is first of its kind, so they have no options to switch over. Number of customers: The bargaining power of buyer is low as there we have mentioned in our switching cost that there are barriers to new entrants.There is no forward integration of buyers. Brand Image: the Jaguar Land Rover already has an established Brand Image as a manufacturer of premium luxury cars. Suppliers: Bargaining power of suppliers: Bargaining Powers of suppliers is less Threat of Substitutes PRICE BRAND:the threat that constumer will switch to a substitute product is ver low. BUYERS WILLINGNESS: The willingness of the customers to buy this product will be because of the higher efficiencyand good quality of an eco-friendly premium luxury car. Competitive rivalry: Number and diversity of competitors: This means the amount of competition in the car industry which appears to be in the luxury cars such as BMW AND Mercedes in Europe, Lincoln and Cadillac in U.S. Exit Barriers: If the new product fails in the market then it is not easy for the company to exit because of the involvement of huge capital investments. Product quality:To maintain its new generation premium luxury car the company has to make manufacturing improvements continuously to furher keep uplift its quality. Jaguar land Rover Financial Performance: JLR has shown a substantial increase in the last couple of quarters. Due to the seasonality change in the JLRs business cycle, management has gained confidence in continuing its positive financial performance going ahead. JLR turned a Net Profit of about  £55mn in the last quarter of 2009. Jaguar Land Rovers combined sales volume have increased to about 28% QoQ to 56700 units which was about 44300 units for the 2nd quarter of 2010. The revenue of TATA motors grew by 47 percent to 26,774 crore. The stock market has given a thumbs up to TATA Motors as the stock moved up by 6.33 percent in Feb,2010. The retained earnings for JLR for the third quarter for 2010 has been  £55mm. TATA Motors Limiteds Net Debt stands at about Rs22,745 cr. Of this the aggregate long term debt is around Rs 16,302cr of which 50% has to be repaid over the next few years. The Net Debt to Equity ratio is 4.1, which is believed to be very high.(Angel Broking) Business Strategy: From the competitor analysis it is very much evident that the Land Rover brand for JLR is doing much better than the brand Jaguar. The sales After the takeover the head office decisions for JLR is now made in India. India also is a country, which provides cheap labor, lower cost of production and cheap logistics in comparison to markets like UK and USA. The Indian government also has is making constant efforts to encourage FDI in production. May other automobile giants like BMW and Volkswagen and Renault have also made major investments in the manufacturing sector in the previous couple of years. Chennai is now becoming the hub for automobile manufacturing in India. Jaguar has 3 factories in the UK, which have been reporting heavy looses in the past couple of years. So considering the above mentioned conditions, our business strategy is as follows: To establish an assembly plant in India taking advantage of TATA established manufacturing plant across India. To fund this assembly plant through the Loan secured from the State Bank of India. To supply cars to the Indian market, Sub continent market and the South-east Asian market through this plant. There will be drastic fall in the prices of all models with this The materials needed for our innovative product The Jaguar XH will be available cheaper in an emerging market like India. This includes the waste of wheat crop needed for the plastic and interiors of the car. We also propose Jaguar Land Rover to establish their next RD centre in Mumbai, India along with the RD centre of TATA motors. This RD centre will be the main hub for innovating the proposed Jaguar XH. The upward trend in the financial analysis stets that the financial condition of JLR is improving. And there are increasing cash reserves for investment. The loans received by JLR amount to GBP 515 million which will provide us the resources required for implementing our innovation strategy. According to our analysis above we recommend a business strategy that states that Jaguar Land Rover needs to catch up with its competitors and take advantage of its parent company presence in India. We have also laid a base for launching our innovation strategy by establishing RD and marketing hub in India. The budget allotment for these investments will be made in latter sections. Innovation Strategy: New product development: Product innovation: According to the analysis conducted above Jaguar has the back up of financial and technology resources to innovate and make its way back into the premium selling business. Our idea of innovation is to come up with a commercially applicable technology in the highly competitive world automobile industry. Hydrogen cars are making headway in the RD centre of many automobile giants. Our innovation is to come up with a high-end environmental friendly car, which can be commercially viable technology for high-end buyers to spend. The idea generated by our group is to come up with a product, which not only has a hydrogen engine but all the other components used in the car are environment friendly. This includes the seats, tyres, aluminum body, reduction in pollutants etc. Unlike other manufacturers we recommend to launch a high end product. The reason for this is to target our new technology to customers that are willing to pay the price for a better, faster and an environmental friendly car. Product description: We have named our product as the Jaguar XH (H for hyrogen). The hydrogen technology is chosen for 3 reasons first being the fact the new innovative technology of hydrogen cars, which is gaining momentum in the automobile industry. Secondly, This technology can give Jaguar and TATA the competitive advantage they need to gain back their lost brand awareness. And lastly, the awareness of the overall environmental impact in the automobile industry has been growing as European and U.S. regulations, e.g. for vehicle emission, have become more stringent. Aluminum body: A cars body makes up around 25% of its total weight, so Jaguar uses aluminum wherever possible to make weight savings. And because the body is lighter, the braking and suspension components do not need to be as big, equaling more weight saving. The aluminum body developed by Jaguar helps in its cars to become lighter and faster. Aluminum technology also makes the cars safer meeting increasingly safety requirements. All the body parts including the nuts and bolts are made of aluminum reducing the car weight considerably. (Power aluminium) Environment Friendly Paint: Painting vehicles has in the past been one of the auto industrys biggest environmental challenges stated by Mary Ellen Rosenberger. We are planning to develop paint; which is environment friendly. The technology will combine an advanced chemical formulation, which will be made of high-solids, solvent- borne paint. The high solids, solvent borne paint helps to produce fewer volatile organic compounds (VOC) and CO2 emissions than the water borne and current solvent-borne paints. The innovative three wet coating which, are to be applied on the vehicle, are on top of the other, without any drying time during the coats. Doing this will reduce the process in painting, which will lead to a smaller and more efficient paint shop. There are high hopes for this technology and it is estimated that doing this will help save about $7 per vehicle by cutting the time it takes to paint and will even cut back the CO2 and VOC emissions by 10 percent. Even environmentally it will cut down the greenhouse gasses by 15 percent (Auto week). Bio Fabric seats: Bio fabric helps in reducing co2 emissions because it is made from plants. It concerns about durability, it is not only smooth and soft to touch but also has long life. It is ideal for seats covers, door trims, floor mats and some more. It is produced in the same way as polyester materials, which is petroleum, based, so basically there is no need for the special technology. Main difference is that they take 10 to 15% less energy to make and save up to 30% in co2 emissions and co2 is emitted when the car is disposed. (Honda) The futuristic plastic interiors: We plan to implement environmental-friendly wheat straw-reinforced plastic in our vehicle. Its just the third-row interior storage bins made from the natural fiber-based plastic that contains 20 percent wheat straw bio-filler, this application alone reduces petroleum usage by some 20,000lbs per year, cuts CO2 emissions by 30,000lbs per year, and represents a smart, sustainable usage for wheat straw, the waste byproduct of wheat. Wheat straw-reinforced resin has many advantages over non-reinforced plastic, which is currently used by most of the auto companies. It has better dimensional integrity than a non-reinforced plastic and weighs up to 10 percent less than a plastic reinforced with talc or glass. We will consider center console bins and trays; interior air register and door trim panel components, and armrest liners to be made from the wheat straw-based plastic. We recommend the usage of such materials for the Jaguar XH. (Gizmag.com) Eco friendly tyres: Bridgestone ECOPIA EP150 eco-friendly tyres will be used in the car Jaguar XH These low rolling resistance tyre combines high-level wet safety with lower fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. These tyres meet the challenging objective of combining top-class wet safety with reduced rolling resistance, leading to higher fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions. These Bridgestone tyres are made of materials technology called NanoPro-TechTM combined with a new tread design. NanoPro-TechTM produces a lower rolling resistance by reducing energy loss in the top compound during rotation. The new tread design features thin rib and a connected block by which contact pressure and wet braking performance is enhanced. ECOPIA is Bridgestones flagship brand that helps to increase vehicle energy efficiency and thus contributes to the prevention of global warming. This is achieved by tumbling rolling resistance and/or saving resources whilst maintaining various performances needed of tyres, especially advanced safety performance. (News Market) Coolants: Hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are compounds made up of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms. HCFCs are a substitute to CFCs that are used as a coolant in refrigerators, aerosols, cars, etc. Earlier CFCs were used as a coolant and because it had classes of compounds that used to deplete the ozone layer, HCFCs are now used as a substitute and are not as harmful as compared to CFCs.(Science J rank) Hydrogen technology: The Jaguar XH is a car which is good for the environment. For the very first time, this car will be sold to the direct customer on a full scale basis and will be the most environment friendly car in the world. Based on the same design that is currently being used by Honda FCX Clarity, the Jaguar XH will use a hydrogen tank that will pass hydrogen through a battery and produce energy which will in turn run the motor of the car. This car uses no gas of any kind and hence does not leave any harmful pollutants. Hydrogen is stored in a tank and is then passed through a fuel cell which combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. The vehicle is then propelled by an electric motor which leaves behind only clean water vapour behind hence making it a zero omission vehicle. Source: Honda Clarity However, as compared to petrol, hydrogen does not affect the environment in any way possible and the only emission that is released is water vapour. So even though hydrogen may be very environment friendly, it simply fails to produce as much as energy as petrol can give. In other words, the car will not run as fast as it does when petrol is being used. There are a couple of innovative strategies that can be used in order overcome this barrier of speed and efficiency. We propose to design and make the car more aerodynamic and sleek and made of aluminium. Aluminium is used as it is lighter than steel and is strong as well. Although the estimate cost to setup one large hydrogen fuel station would cost about $1.16 million approximately (Energy independence), we do not plan to set these up during the initial years till we see a marginal increase in our sales for jaguar XH or other companies may want to join partnership and build the hydrogen fuel stations in different parts of every city. Our proposed business strategy would be to set up a huge hydrogen fuel stations in different parts of the country based on a location strategy. For example: there would be 8-10 hydrogen fuel plants in different parts of UK. For example: London, Bristol, Manchester, Birmingham, Newcastle, Edinburgh, etc. The diagram shown below, demonstrates as to how hydrogen will be produced at each of our plants. Source: Argonne National Laboratory Our strategy is to deliver fuel to our customers rather than them coming to us and refueling. By strategically placing these 10 stations all over UK, we would be able to deliver fuel to our customers much more efficiently and effectively. Although this may sound a little strange, there is a logical reasoning behind this strategy. To set up each fuel pump (small) across the country would cost approximately $253,000 which is exorbitant. (Energy Independence) . So in order to save up a lot on cost, we plan to just set up 8 to 10 factories in strategic locations. Now our customers do not need to come to the factory to refuel but we would go to them instead. It may then seem as to how fuel can be delivered so often. But a litre of hydrogen can run the car for approximately 390 kilometers. Hence it will be more cost effective for us to deliver the fuel directly as per their convenience. We would have mini fuel trucks like the size of the regular ambulances that will be particularly be impo rted from India (as the cost is low) and will run on LPG and the emission from these vehicles will be controlled as well by using the 3-way catalyst technology. (Nett). Each location will have an average of 5 to 10 fuelling trucks depending in the demand of the vehicle in those particular cities. Now, if the owner of the car sees that his car is running low on fuel, all he needs to do is to make a phone call. But then what if he already runs out? Every car is fitted with an emergency hydrogen tank which is attached to the main tank. This emergency tank will contain a litre of hydrogen enough to run the car for approximately 390 kilometers. Marketing and Commercialization plan: Product Planning :- Marketing of our new innovation Jaguar XH (hydrogen) Target market: This product will be targeted towards the upper class segment in the US and UK markets, the product will offer new hydrogen technology to its consumers. The major attraction for this segment of consumers will be the new hydrogen technology and the higher speed and efficiency offered by this technology. New Product development Policy: We recommend company will continue investing in Research and Development for updating and improving our new product according to latest developments and trends in consumers tastes. The special RD budget for this product will be calculated in the section ahead. First environmentally friendly car to be sold on retail basis in the UK and US market in the year 2013. Pricing- policies and procedures relating to: Price Level: Our product will be expensive and target the premium segment and its price will range between GBP 1.5 million to GBP 1.8 million. Margins to adopt: Considering the heavy investment in the project. We would start with a heavy margin and slowly tighten the margin on the basis of market competition. Price Policy: Our Company will follow One-Price policy in a country but price may vary between U.S and U.K depending upon Government taxes and Import Export tariffs Branding- policies and procedures relating to Brand Policy: The car will be available in the market under the brand name of Jaguar. Channels Of Distribution- policies and procedures relating to: The car will be available to end users through already established showrooms of Jaguar in U.S and U.K. also the existing channels of distribution will be proposed. Advertising- policies and procedures relating to: Product Image: Our product will be the first of its kind. It will be the worlds most environmental friendly car and this will be its unique selling point. It will be marketed as the worlds first fastest sedan because of the advantages of hydrogen technology. A heavy budgeted marketing plan will be needed, as this product will be the next biggest innovation to hit the industry after the TATA Nano. Corporate image: Jaguar is famous for years for manufacturing quality luxury and sports cars for upper and upper middle segment of the market. With the takeover by TATA, it will be benefited by the reputation that TATA enjoys of an innovative company. Mix of Advertising: Our car will be advertised through Ads on T.V, Internet. Big boards and banners will be displayed in the main and commercial areas in cities of U.S and U.K. Promotions- policies and procedures relating to: Tag line The Greenest Leaping Cat Will be marketed with an expensive marketing budget of GBP 100 million through all possible promotional sources. As the worlds most environmental friendly car ever. Display and launch- Our car will be first displayed and launched in Auto Expo in U.S and U.K in 2015 and all other major automobile expos held in all parts of the world. It will be available for test-drives at Jaguar showrooms in U.S and U.K. It will also be put on display for public at major airports in U.K and U.S. Servicing- As this is an all new product and technology, servicing could be a biggest challenge that JLR will face. All arrangements will be made for after-sale servicing of our new car at all the service centre for Jaguar in U.S and U.K. Also auto parts will be made available with the dealers for replacements in case of damage by accidents.( Harvard Business School) Budget estimation and RD: Spending heads Estimated Spending (Amt. In million pounds) 2010 (Projected) 2011 ((Projected) 2012 (Projected) Research Development 800 600 600 800 Car Development Outsourcing 160 Fuel

Canterbury Tales :: essays research papers

The Canterbury Tales is a collection of accounts about a journey pilgrims made to and from the Canterbury Cathedral, composed by British writer Geoffrey Chaucer in the late 1300’s. â€Å"Chaucer greatly increased the prestige of English as a literary language and extended the range of its poetic vocabulary and meters† (Encarta 1). In the tales, the host offers a contest to the pilgrims which requires them to tell four stories during their trip . Chaucer ingeniously integrates the episodes with one another and also resplendently describes the personality, behavior, and general way of life of a variety of aspects of society in the Medieval Ages. The Canterbury Tales consists of twenty-four tales, two of which are unfinished. One of these unfinished accounts is the Tale of Sir Thopas. The Tale of Sir Thopas begins with the narrator describing a fair and gallant knight who is from the far country of Flanders. It continues on characterizing this knight, Sir Thopas, as a handsome man who was skilled at hunting, horse riding, wrestling, and archery. All of the woman of the land longed for him, but Sir Thopas forsake all of them. Then one day, riding through the forest, the knight hears beautiful birds singing songs of love. Upon hearing this, Sir Thopas hurries to ride away because his heart is sore as there is no woman in the world to his make.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The knight then recalls a dream he had where his darling would be an elf-queen. He continued riding until he found a secret place called the Land of Faery. There he met a great giant whose name was Sir Oliphant. The giant threatened Sir Thopas to leave the land where the Queen of Faery resides or he would be killed. After hearing this Sir Thopas answered that when he has his armor both of them would fight to the death. This scene is an example of how Chaucer â€Å" Gives the Tale of Sir Thopas a hilarious send-up as opposed to other more serious tales that indirectly disparage English literature† (Payne 33).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sir Thopas returned to his kingdom where he prepared himself for his battle against the giant. His merry men cheered him with tales of old romances, they brought him sweet wine, a royal spicery of ginger bread, and fine linen to cover himself. Then he dressed himself in ornate armor. He had a spear of fine cypress wood, a saddle of rewel bone, and a shield of solid gold.

Basics of Quantum Computing Essay -- Physics Computers Science

Fundamental Differences of Quantum Computers In the standard architecture of computer storage, values are arranged as a series of bits, each of which is either true or false(0 or 1). This fundamental restriction of two states is the most basic difference when working with quantum states. Rather than allowing just the two singles states, a superposition of the two states is also possible, forming a state that is neither 0 nor 1, but something in between with a probability of either state. Further, in the standard organization, it is possible to attach various bits together to force correlations between their values. This is also possible within the superposition of the states represented in a quantum bit. (Qubit) The correlation between these superpositions in the two qubits is referred to as Entanglement. With proper tying it is possible to evaluate the qubit as both one and zero at the same time, and do so across the entirety of the set of qubits at the same time, allowing for massively parallel evaluations of all possible sequences at the same time. Of course in the end there can only be a single full set for the stable state, but information can be gathered from each of the possibilities by its influence upon the whole system during each step of the evaluation. History of Quantum Computers Initially the famous physicist Robert Feynman breached the subject of using quantum effects for computation in 1982, though his primary interest was in using the effects of one quantum effect to simulate another. Three years later in 1985 David Deutsch of the University of Oxford published a paper detailing the workings of a universal quantum computer, detailing the functionality of the theoretical process, but not... ...e technological barrier has not progressed so far as to allow convenient usage. At every stage of production the quantum computer has a great deal of work that needs to be done, and each step must be painstakingly analyzed and protected from the harsh environment that surrounds the extremely delicate system. Even once such systems can be produced for small experiments to confirm the effects we seek, it will be quite some time before the production techniques and applications are so well refined as to allow for mass production or even a working prototype. More importantly, there does not seem to be any choice but to move to these systems. As our computers become more and more compact, the effects of quantum events are going to make themselves first known and then become overwhelming. The solutions appear to be evolution or stagnation.

Should Drugs Be Made Legal? Essay -- social issues

Should Drugs Be Made Legal? For several decades drugs have been one of the major problems of society. There have been escalating costs spent on the war against drugs and countless dollars spent on rehabilitation, but the problem still exists. Not only has the drug problem increased but drug related problems are on the rise. Drug abuse is a killer in our country. Some are born addicts(crack babies), while others become users. The result of drug abuse is thousands of addicts in denial. The good news is the United States had 25,618 total arrests and 81,762 drug seizures due to drugs in 1989 alone, but the bad news is the numbers of prisoners have increased by 70 percent which will cost about $30 million dollars. Despite common wisdom, the U.S isn't experiencing a drug related crime wave. Government surveys show between 1980 - 1987 burglary rates fell 27 percent, robbery 21 percent and murders 13 percent, but with new drugs on the market these numbers are up. One contraversial solution is the proposal of legalizing drugs. Although people feel that legalizing drugs would lessen crime, drugs should remain illegal in the U.S because there would be an increase of drug abuse and a rapid increase of diseases such as AIDS. Many believe that legalizing drugs would lessen crime. They point out that the legalization of drugs would deter future criminal acts. They also emphasize and contrast Prohibition. When the public realized that Prohibition could not be enforced the law was ...

Prada Case Analysis Essay

â€Å"FINANCE† Course â€Å"PRADA: TO IPO OR NOT TO IPO: THAT IS THE QUESTION, AGAIN† case analysis Brief summary of the case with the emphasis on managerial problems that Prada faces. Prada currently requires a significant amount of capital both to re-finance debt that is maturing in the next six to twelve months and to finance its intended growth into the Asian (especially Chinese) markets. Since financial markets are aware of Prada’s pressing need to raise capital, it is important for the board of directors to develop a credible strategy for raising the necessary capital of at least â‚ ¬1 billion. Although the press has been suggesting that Prada will do an initial public offering, the company has tried this several times in the past with no success, mainly because of bad timing (9/11, the SARS outbreak, and the ongoing global financial crisis and European sovereign debt crisis). The board has approached Guido Santini of the investment bank Grupo Capo Milano to come up with a number of credible alternatives and a strategy for raising the needed capital. 1. What is the current and future outlook for the luxury goods segment over the next couple of years? How should Prada position itself to prosper in this market? Luxury goods segment proved to be resilient to the economic crises and had consistently grown from 1994 till 2010.The luxury industry grew approximately by 2% per year until 2007, and by 1% per year from 2007 to 2010.  Beginning from 2010, the global luxury goods market started a new growth phase driven by emerging markets. This was a significant change as growth was usually driven by the developed markets, especially the US. Prada needs to support a global portfolio of leading luxury brand. Following the series of acquisitions and consistent with its attempt to become one of the top global brands Prada consistently worked on expanding its global footprint by opening and running its own stores around the world. 2. What should be Prada’s priorities in determining the best way to raise capital now? What are Prada’s priorities in evaluating different ways of raising the funds it requires? How do these relate to Prada’s strategy? I choose IPO over Debt and Strategic partnership. Compare to issuing debt, an IPO will not add any more burden to the company’s balance sheet, which for Prada, was already showed a sign of insolvency and over leveraged. Another issue is that no firms in this industry have ever raised  money in US bond market. Although â€Å"dim sum bond† – a Chinese Yuan denominated bonds issued in Hong Kong could be the best alternative to this situation, however, the short life and the exchange risk it involved are its most disadvantages. How about sale some portion of the firm to the private equity firms to raise capital? For this deal, it seems that they will not only offer a sizeable premium to the family, but also to offer some important positions on the board too. But, compare to IPO, it will not increase Prada’s publicity through this method. And also, an IPO in Hong Kong will give the company more opportunity to expand their Asia market, especially in China and Japan. Choosing a Strategic Partnership would be just like giving that huge potential profit away. 3. What are the different sources of capital that Prada should consider? Should there be a preference for debt versus equity? Should there be a preference for raising capital in one country relative to another? Should there be a preference regarding the types of investors? How would these influence the attractiveness of the different available sources of capital for Prada? Equity IPO in HK 1.higher valuation than listed in Europe 2. aim to the Asia market 1.HK market has lower liquidity (page 7. Sect. 2) 3.potential tax problem HKDR 1. listed in Milan but also can be bought and sold by investors in HK. 2.help future negotiation in China 3. may have lower valuation than IPO in HK 4. higher cost than IPO Strategic partnership 1.current price for PE transaction is attractive 2.higher premium 1. higher cost than other alternatives 3. may cause partially loss of control of the corporation Debt Traditional corporate bond 1. easily priced 2 2. further potential financial problem 3. higher leverage ratio 4. How would you recommend the board of directors proceed? One of the best solutions for Prada to solve this problem is to raise capital in the stock market, which we could refer as IPO. Given the current market conditions, listing in Hong Kong might appears to be the best choice after all.

Enhanced Formal Communications Project

————————————————- ————————————————- Memorandum TO:Accountants FROM:—– SUBJECT:Changes to SAS 115 DATE:September 30, 2011 ————————————————- Overview The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) was founded in 1887, the AICPA represents the AICPA represents all Certified Public Accounts (CPA) nationally regarding rules and regulations and also serves as advocate to public interest groups and other professional organizations. The AICPA develops standards regulations, educates its members on various directions, monitors and enforces compliance and ethical standards. Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS No. 115) was issued by the Auditing Standards Board (ASB); became effective for audit of financial statement for period ending on or after December 15, 2009. SAS 115 supersedes SAS 112 that had some weaknesses in its terminology, definitions and guidance for evaluating deficiencies. Benefits of the New Requirements The new requirement will establish standards rules and provides guidance on communicating matters related to your organization’s internal control over financial reporting identified on the next audit of financial statements * SAS 115 will prevent, detect and correct misstatements on a timely basis * It will provide reasonable assurance about your achievement and objectives with regard to the reliability of financial reporting effectiveness and efficiency of operations, and compliance with the new laws and regulations. Communication Upon completion of the audit, our firm will provide you with a management letter identifying the findings. * Our firm will still continue to monitor progress on all previous existing deficiencies or weaknesses from previous years. * All communications pertaining to deficiencies or weaknesses will be made available within 60 days following the completion of the report. * Our firm will provide a management letter of â€Å"no findings† for your records if no deficiencies are found. Audit is not a punishment, but in a process mechanism to help organizations have zero findings on their financial statement regardless of the size of the organization. While requirements to report in writing all deficiencies or weaknesses may take more time, it will ensure for better communication and awareness. SAS 115 allows our firm to gain insightful information to better serve you in the future and help you improve internal control by eliminating deficiencies. We thank you for continuing trust in our firm for the past three 3 years and our staff is available to answer or walk through any process that might seem challenging with the new regulations. We will schedule a meeting with the members of your finance team to go over these regulations two weeks prior to our audit scheduled date. References Anderson, B. (2007, June). The Management Letter After SAS 112. Retrieved from http://www. allbusiness. com/professional-services/accounting-tax-auditing/8900335-1. html Beichler, V. (2009, March). Communicating Internal Control-Related Matters in SAS No. 115. Tennessee CPA Journal. Retrieved from http://www. tncpa. org/journal/articles/communicatinginternal. pdf AICPA, (2010, September). Employee Benefit Plan Audit Quality Center. Statement of Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 115 Communicating Internal Control Related

Pollution in Vellore

CASE STUDY ON POLLUTION IN VELLORE: SOURCES AND MEASURES TO CHECK IT. SOURCES AND METHODS TO REDUCE POLLUTION IN VELLORE Shraddha Sahu and Akshay Ahuja B. tech- Electronics and communication Engg. , SENSE, VIT UNIVERSITY, Vellore, Tamil Nadu – 632014 Email id- shraddha. [email  protected] ac. in ABSTRACT: Vellore, also known as ‘fort city’ and a historical destination in southernmost India , is one of the fastest growing cities. This city is a hub for leather industries, chemical industries as well as automobile and mechanical industries.It ranks 8 in the most polluted cities on the survey conducted by The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in conjunction with IIT-Delhi. The observation of pollution in this city was conducted with an aim to study the sources of pollution in the city and measures to control it. The observation of pollution was done by roaming around in the city between chittoor bus stand to new bus stand. The rapid industrial growth is respon sible for the pollution. KEYWORDS: Historical destination, conjuction, pollution. INTRODUCTION: Since the industrial revolution the world has witnessed the rapid expansion of its cities.For years humans have been flocking to these urban centres in search of jobs, commodities, entertainment and other phenomenathat can commonly be found in cities. [1] Pollution of Environment or environmental pollution means making the environment foul. Our environment means the surrounding of our house where we live, the surrounding of our village where we live or the surrounding of our town or city where we live. If our surrounding gets polluted we suffer from many kinds of disease and sickness. If our surrounding gets highly polluted, our life gets endangered. [2] Modern evelopment processes, especially industrialization, have come in for a great deal of criticism for their utter disregard for the environment. Trash and garbage is a common sight in urban and rural areas of India. It is a major sour ce of pollution. [3] Street corners are piled with trash. Public places and sidewalks are despoiled with filth and litter, rivers and canals act as garbage dumps. [4] Air pollution  is a serious issue with the major sources being fuelwood and biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission and traffic congestion. [5] In urban areas, vehicle emissions are another source of air pollution.Vehicle emissions are worsened by fuel adulteration and poor fuel combustion effi    ciencies from traffic congestion and low density of quality, high speed  road network  per 1000 people.. [6] Rapid urbanization during the recent decades has given rise to a number of environmental problems such as water supply, waste water generation and its collection, treatment and disposal. Vellore city which came up on the bank of palar river have not given a proper thought to the problems of wastewater, sewerage etc. In urban areas, the wastewater is let out untreated and causes large scale water po llution. [7] METHODOLOGY:To find out the source of the pollution and think over the measures to control it the region between chittoor bus stand and new bus stand of vellore city was selected as the locale for this study. The observation of the pollution was carried out by roaming around the streets. Photographs were taken out and normal discussion of source of pollution was done with local people. The local people were asked about the difficulties they face due to the pollution and how can we overcome this from their point of view. Use of internet and e-books were taken to study more about this problem and to check it. RESULT:From the above study we came to know that the pollution in vellore city is no more different from other cities. The common sites seen were roadside garbage dumping, unhygienic area around water sources, air pollution due to emission of gases by vehicles, accumulation of solid waste and poor sanitation. This problem is common to almost every city in India. The common traditional known sources of air pollution are power plants, industries, road dust, construction work, garbage burning, vehicle exhaust and domestic fuels. The sources of land pollution are garbage dumping and improper disposal of solid waste.The sources of water pollution are sewage discharge from industries, poor sanitation, disposal of waste in water sources and religious sources. DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS: The important landmarks that come between old chittoor bus stand of vellore to new bus stand of vellore are Pillayar koil, thiru nagar, silk mill, gandhinagar, doordarshan, virthumpet and new bridge road over the palar river. Problems related to city: Use of tetrapacks, plastic plates, cups and bags, tin cans and similar throw-away items has increased in the last decade.Lack of proper waste collection, segregation and management systems and poor sanitary conditions are aggravating health problems. The reason for the contamination of the ground water in Vellore is because the tanneries are dumping their effluents into city’s lifeline—the Palar River. All the tanneries here from Vaniampadi to Ranipet dump their effluents into the river. [8] Problem related to palar river bed: The Palar River bed is dry most of the year because it is a seasonal river. It stirs to life every year during the monsoon. When the river is devoid of water the riverbed is quarried for its 15 feet of sand.Palar is the primary source of drinking water for the residents of Vellore. But those who live in this city made famous by the super speciality hospital, Christian Medical College, say that the clear water of Palar has turned into blood red. A local environment group, Pasumai Thayagam, affirms that the red toxic water has destroyed sources of potable drinking water in various localities of Vellore like Ambur, Vaniampadi and Ranipet. Measures taken by government to check pollution in vellore: Exnora Green Cross, supported by UNICEF, initiated a pilot project on s olid waste management in a ward of Vellore municipality in 2000.ZWM [Zero Waste Management] is a system of managing solid wastes that strives for maximum waste recovery through recycling and reuse, aiming at zero waste generation. †¢ It minimizes pollution of ground water and air by doing away with disposal of wastes at dumpsites and land? lls. †¢ Zero waste management integrates the informal recycling sector (ragpickers and waste collectors) into the solid waste management system providing opportunities for income generation. Possible measures that can be taken: 1. Conversion of waste paper into pepwood: Conversion of waste paper into pulp articles is an old art.We can reduce garbage by recycling the waste paper in a decentralized manner. It will help in prevention of burning of waste paper & ? lthy sights. Women/SHG members/unemployed youths/after receiving thorough training can undertake this activity. 2. Liquid Waste Management through Root Zone Treatment: Under the li quid waste management practices at community level, the waste water from toilets is being treated naturally through â€Å"Root Zone Treatment Method (Natural plant based system)†. The treated water (5500 liter per day for 50 person’s occupancy) is recycled for toilet flushing and landscaping purposes. . Eco Friendly plastic fuel [Conversion of waste plastic into liquid hydrocarbons/ energy]: Prof. Mrs. Alka Umesh Zadgaonkar, Head of Department of Applied Chemistry at the Nagpur based G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, invented an Environment friendly catalyticadditive process for disposal of waste plastic. The invented process involves degradation of waste plastic using `catalytic-additive’ and is different from the generally existing pyrolytic processes. The products obtained in the process are Liquid hydrocarbons, Gas and residual Coke.It is a major breakthrough in the arena of non-conventional sources of energy! 4. Black water management from community toi let: EXNORA International Chennai, through its unit in Tiruchi District, has taken up construction of Decentralized Waste Water Treatment System (DEWATS), which is ideally suited for small colonies, apartments, slum areas etc. Salient features: †¢ Decentralized treatment of black water. †¢ Reuse of treated water for raising trees, vegetables. †¢ Use of biogas for cooking and lighting. †¢ No Electricity or chemical is used for treatment. Very easy for operation and maintenance since it does not have hazardous or complicated machinery. CONCLUSION: Urbanisation brings prosperity but at the same time creates environmental problems like pollution, accumulation of solid waste and poor sanitation. . In this context, solid waste management is an area of challenge and of innovation for urban planners and city corporations. A zero waste management (ZWM) project by NGO Exnora Green Cross, initially piloted with UNICEF, in Tamil Nadu’s Vellore district is an example o f a successful solid waste management programme and its bene? s. REFERENCES: 1. â€Å"The little green data book†. The world bank. 2010. 2. â€Å"Environment assessment, Country data: India† , The world bank. 2011. 3. Radhakanta Swain, Essay. 4. â€Å"Drowning in a sea of garbage†, New York times. April 2010. 5. Atmanand et al. (2009). â€Å"Energy and Sustainable Development-An Indian Perspective†. World Academy of Science. 6. â€Å"Urban air pollution, catching gasoline and diesel adulteration†. World bank 2002. 7. Krishnakumar Asha, 1995. Streams of poison. 8. V. K. Shashikumar, Tehelka magazine, 16 july 2005

Mona Lisa Paper

Is It Her Twin or Sister? An art collector in 1913 made a discovery that has baffled many historians for some time now. Huge Blaker, an English art collector found the Isleworth Mona Lisa shortly before World War I. The Isleworth Mona Lisa is a painting of, what looks to be, a young Mona Lisa. This painting has been identified as a Leonardo da Vinci painting, but some historians believe that this cannot be true. With some differences in the paintings they believe it may have been another small artist at the time trying to copy da Vinci.The Isleworth painting is seemed to be with an international consortium while the original painting is kept in Paris' Louvre Museum. The famous woman is this picture is Lisa del Giocondo. Lisa was from Florence and Tuscany, Italy. She married a cloth and silk merchant in her teenage years. Lisa was born in Florence on June 15th, 1479, many think that she was born on a rural property that is though to have been owned by the family. Lisa had five childre n with the merchant named Piero, Camilla, Andrea, Giocondo, and Marietta.Lisa's husband, Francesco di Bartilomeo di Zanobi del Giocondo, increased her social status because he was from a middle class family, while Lisa was from a lower class with no dowry from her family. Francesco was an art lover and commissioned da Vinci for a portrait of his wife. â€Å"He is thought to have commissioned Lisa's portrait to celebrate bother Andrea del Sarto's birth and the purchase of the family's home. † (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lisa_del_Giocondo#Mona_Lisa) In the painting in the Louvre, Lisa is â€Å"portrayed as a faithful wife through gesture-her right hand rests over her left. † (http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Lisa_del_Giocondo#Mona_Lisa) Da Vinci also represented Lisa in high fashion with dark clothing that would have come from Spain. This would have not represented Lisa in her family because she would not have been able to afford these type of clothing with her family's income. Many historians have said that Lisa is wearing dark clothes because she would be mourning the death of her first daughter, which, in many ways, is wrong. The painting took da Vinci some time to finish because he received money for the painting The Battle of Anghian, which was offering more money than the portrait of Lisa.Some historians have guessed when da Vinci finished the painting because he carried it around with him through-out his later life in France. The guesstimate is around 1516 is when da Vinci finally finished the Mona Lisa. The Isleworth Mona Lisa is what seems to be a younger Lisa, but because we do not have actual proof, that is only an assumption. Historians cannot give an exact date as to which this painting was started or even finished because they found the painting in was found with a noble family.After Blaker purchased the painting it was moved to Isleworth, England, where the name came from. Whilst the first World War was going on, the Isleworth paint ing was moved to America for preserving. â€Å"The Portrait eventually made its way back to Europe, where is was analyzed in Italy before being sent to the Swiss bank vault for safekeeping. † (http://abcnews. go. com/blogs/headlines/2012/09/second-mona-lisa-unveiled-for-first-time-in-40-years/) Since that time period the Mona Lisa Foundation has worked on the painting to prove it's authenticity and if da Vinci really painted this portrait. pic] The differences between these two paintings are not significant ones, but they are big enough that some may believe that this cannot be a true da Vinci painting. The Isleworth is painted on canvas while the Louvre Mona Lisa was painted on wood. The Isleworth also has a very plain background and columns on either side of the figure, but the Louvre painting seems to be the same background with a lot more details included and no columns. The sizes of these two painting also is making historians scratch their heads because the Louvre paint ing is narrower. pic] However there are eerily many similarities between the two paintings that have made historians and scientists believe that it had to have been painted by the same person. â€Å"It strikes us that in order for that to be so accurate, so meticulously exact, only the person who did one did the other†¦ † said art historian and Mona Lisa Foundation member Stanley Feldman. (http://abcnews. go. com/blogs/headlines/2012/09/second-mona-lisa-unveiled-for-first-time-in-40-years/) The clothing in the two paintings seems to be of the same high Spanish fashion.The pose shows that Lisa was a loyal wife with her left hand over her right, this pose is that same in both paintings. It took art historians 35 years to conclude their tests on both Mona Lisa paintings. The Mona Lisa Foundation performed many experiments comparing the two. First the foundation placed the painting side by side and found that Lisa in the Isleworth painting is smaller than she is in the Louvr e painting. â€Å"The simple graphic illustrations demonstrate that the figure in the ‘Louvre Version' is approximately 10% larger than the figure in the ‘Earlier Version'† (http://monalisa. rg/2012/09/10/leonardos-hidden-technique/) The features of Lisa in both of these paintings are exactly the same; with same positions that are perfectly aligned. â€Å"They are dramatically different compositions, and the technique of proportion and related geometric measurements employed, points to the two portraits having been painted by the same artist; someone intimately familiar with both, and who had the intention to create two different paintings of the same subject†(http://monalisa. org/2012/09/10/leonardos-hidden-technique/)With these two paintings being so eerily similar, but also having some obvious differences, art historians have drooled over these two paintings. The general population knowing the famous Mona Lisa painting in the Louvre, but not knowing unti l this year that there was another painting of Lisa del Giocondo, and earlier painting. Some historians believe that this paint could not have been done by the famous da Vinci because there were so many copies of the original Mona Lisa, but without doubt that Mona Lisa Foundation has proven them wrong. Over 35 years of test have proven them that both paintings were actually done by da Vinci.

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance in Literature review

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance in Pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment - Literature review Example The first stage of the pancreatic cancer diagnosis is tumor detection. The tumor is not easily detectable and hence the increased mortality rate of the disease. The detection of the tumor is therefore an important stage in the efforts of treating and curing pancreatic cancer. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a process that enables the early confirmation of the pancreatic tumor thereby increasing the curability of the disease. Contrast agents are used in the MRI process. The commonly used contrast images are Gadolinium based Contrast agents and Iron Oxide nanoparticle enhanced contrast agents. The contrast agents allow for the formation of distinct images subsequently allowing for better determination of Carcinoma cells. The research paper looks into the role that Iron Oxide Nanoparticles enhance the magnetic Resonance in the quest for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. The paper is broken down to the different MRI and its contrast agents, Nanotechnology, Iron Oxide nanoparticles, and their importance in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer and finally the effectiveness and dependability of the Nanoparticles in the curability of pancreatic cancer. The paper has clearly cut objectives, which should be addressed comprehensively throughout the paper. According to Zhou and Lu (2012), Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a powerful medical modality that displays the anatomical structures of the body. MRI is quite important in detecting and characterizing the diseased tissues in the body as well as solid tumors. MRI produces a three-dimension, high resolution and contrast images of the tissues or tumor and does not release ionization radiation in the process. MRI uses a variety of contrast agents in relation to the tissue or body part involved in the process. Over the years, since its inception three years ago, the

Assighment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assighment - Essay Example Discussion Definition of Diversity Diversity is described as the characteristics and talents of an individual that distinguishes him from other human beings. Moreover, an individual might also be distinguished from others on the basis of education, religions, caste, creed, race, culture, age, behavior, nationality, status and living style. Although diversity is present everywhere, still we all believe to live within a single big umbrella, called UNITY. Keeping this concept in mind, now a day’s the effects of diversity is fading slowing and gradually from the workplaces of the entire globe. Effects of Diversity, while discussion over ‘Female Identity’ in the organization At the time of discussion in a debate session over the topic of female identification within the organization, varied types of ideas and views came into focus. Numerous senior as well as junior members of the organization presented varied types of negative statements or opinions regarding the progr ess or development of the female community. According to them, progress of female segment is just waste of time and money as ultimately they need to devote their time for the development of the family members. ... so they need to be present within the interiors of the residence and the females might also be looked after by a male member of the family so that they remain free from any type of troubles. Therefore, female progress or identification is just a nightmare that might never become successful. After hearing such types of negative and pessimistic statements, it seemed extremely disturbing and distressing to me along with many other group members and so we all presented the positive sides of female progress. In this age, males and females are uniform in all sense, i.e. in terms of education, experience, knowledge and outlook. Moreover, an organization might surely present the opportunity for the female members of the society to get recruited so as to enhance their identity in a male-dominated nation or state. Only then the females might present their talents, knowledge, ideas, information and facts in front of numerous male members. This might act as a weapon to reduce the impacts of dome stic as well as corporate violence over the females thereby amplifying reputation and image in the market among others. Along with this, it might also amplify the status and popularity of the females within a society among the male members and within a corporate business world. Thus, such type of multicultural organization might prove effective in tackling varied type of situational challenges (Thyer, 345-378). Therefore, after completion of the ideas and statements of our group members, all other pessimistic individual changed their opinion, regarding this topic. All of them stated that female progress or identification is extremely essential in this age of extensive crimes and violence. Hence, the concluding statement filled our hearts with extreme contentment and happiness. Conclusion