What Is The Categorisation Of Preparation Of Synthesis Of...

Categorisation of Synthesis of evidence of quantitative studies Treatment aspects: The clinical trial of Ferreira et al. (2013) identified that therapeutic relationship was more strongly influenced patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) who had received spinal manipulative therapy or exercise therapy than patient received motor control exercise. Chronic neck pain patient received the traditional bone setting technique (TBS) (which is a soft manual mobilization technique focusing on the muscles, joints, and ligaments) showed better therapeutic interaction than patient received conventional physiotherapy or massage (Zaproudina et al. 2007). Chronic low back pain patients received conventional physiotherapy treatment plus motivational†¦show more content†¦2014, Ferraria et al. 2013). Expectancy: Two clinical trials explored the relationship between enhanced therapeutic relationship and patient expectancy in CLBP patients (Ferriera et al. 2013, Vong et al. 2011). The study of Ferriera et al. (2013) identified that enhanced therapeutic relationship in chronic low back pain patients is associated with a slight increase in their expectancy. However, the study of Vong et al. (2011) identified that there was no significant relationship between patient expectancies and therapeutic relationship in chronic low back pain patients. On the basis of the findings from these clinical trials it is clear that the relationship between enhanced therapeutic relationship and patient expectancy in CLBP patients is a conflicting evidence. Synthesis of Qualitative studies Communication: All the four qualitative studies explained various aspects of communication between patient and therapist. Especially the importance of verbal communication, active listening and visual aids were mentioned as the contributors of patient -therapist interaction. Two selected qualitative studies explained about the influence of visual aids (May 2001 and Cooper et al. 2008).These two studies suggest that use of chart, diagrams, models and written form of information may help to develop a better patient-therapist interaction. However, the study ofShow MoreRelatedApproaches to Organisation and Management19498 Words   |  78 Pages2 APPROACHES  TO  ORGANISATION  AND MANAGEMENT Organisational  behaviour  is  a  discursive  subject  and  much has  been  written  about  it.  The  study  of  organisations  and management  has  therefore  to  proceed  on  a  broad  front.  It  is the  comparative  study  of  the  different  approaches  that  will  yield benefits  to  the  manager.  The  study  of  organisations,  their  structure and  management  is  important  for  the  manager.  Identification  of major  trends  in  management  and  organisational  behaviour,  and the  work  of  leading  writersRead MoreResearch Proposal in Tqm8723 Words   |  35 Pagesobjectives of the study determined at the early stages of the research are included in the design to ensure that the information collected is appropriate to solve the problem. The researcher faces a number of crucial design choices. These can be summarised in a categorisation of research design types. Some major ones are: ââ€" ª Experiment ââ€" ª Survey ââ€" ª Case study ââ€" ª Grounded theory ââ€" ª Ethnography ââ€" ª Action research ââ€" ª Cross section and longitudinal studies ââ€" ª ExploratoryRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesAcknowledgements Introduction Using this Manual Planning Your Approach Designing the Teaching Scheme A Guide to Using the Work Assignments A Guide to Using the Case Studies Strategy Lenses The Exploring Strategy Website A Guide to Using the Video Material Exploring Strategy Teachers’ Workshops Teaching Notes for Student Work Assignments Case Study Teaching Notes 6 7 8 8 12 19 20 25 27 27 28 28 29 Chapters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Introducing Strategy The Environment Strategic

Geography and Careers Free Essay Example, 2250 words

The Council, comprising elected officers and councilors, the President and the ex-officio executive director, forms the governing body of the association with the roles and responsibilities of the council, executive committee and the executive director all stated in the constitution of the AAG. The association is organized into 9 divisions representing different regions of the United States but is also open to geographers studying or working abroad, while also highly encouraging participation from developing nations. The AAG elections are conducted online with all members eligible to take part. The online voting process makes voting a lot easier for the members and easier to manage. Data concerning the nomination and election process are available for all in â€Å"Section 2, Methods of Nomination and Election† of the AAG constitution and bylaws. All eligible voters receive an email with an ID voting password and a link to a voting page where they authenticate their identity. Once authenticated, the voter has access to a tamper-proof electronic ballot. Once the ballot is completed and submitted, the results are encrypted and kept anonymous. The voter then receives a receipt and is prevented from voting in the same election a second time. Paper ballots for those who requested them are counted at the end of the election process and added to electronic totals. We will write a custom essay sample on Geography and Careers or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Final results are published in March. Members who prefer not to vote are equally free not to do so. The role of the AAGs Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Committee is to support the free development of scientific inquiry and exchange and to investigate incidents where geographic scholars have been restricted in the pursuit of their work. The Association of American of Geographers, for example, acting through its Executive Committee and National Council, and on the recommendation of its standing Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, condemns the recent attempt by the leadership of the Republican Party of Wisconsin, through its open records request, to intimidate Professor William Cronon.   William Cronon is the Frederick Jackson Turner and Vilas Research Professor of History, Geography and Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and an eminent figure in the fields of historical and environmental geography. à ‚  Professor Cronon is also a citizen-scholar in the best tradition, making his research available to the public in a variety of venues. The AAG holds that the use of Wisconsins Open Records Law to acquire Professor Cronon’s university emails, after he posted a portion of his research online, is a reprehensible attempt to stifle this public voice (Association of American Geographers, 1).

Descartes s Theory Of Love - 885 Words

Rene Descartes had one ultimate goal, which was to discover the absolute foundation of truth and philosophy, which includes love. Descartes had detected many false beliefs that he, as a youth, believed to be true. It was at this point that he decided to rid himself of all of his previous opinions and knowledge that he had accepted to be truths, based on the fact that he could find doubt in them. He then concluded that if you construct something on false beliefs then everything becomes doubtful. In his journey for truth, Descartes used the idea of methodological doubt to slowly deconstruct his knowledge. Descartes uses the process of methodological doubt as the idea that if you doubt something in the slightest, then you should reject it as a whole. This method, as well as the four rules for finding true/ valid opinions, will be used to dissect Diotima’s speech on the theory of love, specifically the ladder of love, and how it came about in the Symposium by Plato. It was Socrates who retold Diotima’s speech, the only viewpoint from a woman throughout the novel, at the Symposium. Diotima begins her speech by stating that love is a desire and lovers, love what is good forever. Diotima proposes that in order to pursue love, you must impregnate the mind. Diotima acknowledges that both men and women can be impregnated either within the body or within the soul. Reproduction is only recognized as beautiful it is as an immortal process that occurs forever. Love wantsShow MoreRelatedDavid Hume And Renee Descartes s Theories Of Knowledge And Ideas1356 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophers David Hume and Renee Descartes have opposing views about the origination of ideas. Hume claims that all ideas are copies of impressions, which come from sensation. Descartes disagrees with this, arguing that in order to obtain knowledge, there must be a rational method for obtaining it, and that the senses are not a reliable source. This essay will present both ph ilosopher’s arguments and compare and contrast each perspective regarding matters of knowledge and ideas. I will then argueRead MoreThe Discovery Of A New Science1634 Words   |  7 Pageswhich facilitated the development and growth of physiology as one of the numerous subdivisions of psychology. There are three important periods and several people that established this field. Contributors include Avicenna (980-1037B.C.), Rene Descartes during the renaissance and several key contributors during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The breakthroughs in these periods developed a new science and led the way to the creation of other related subdivisions of psychology. PhysiologicalRead MoreThe Existence Of God : An Argument881 Words   |  4 PagesThe Existence of God The philosophical arguments presented in this document are not of religious text, nor scientific observation or established fact. Rather the premise of this God proof is bring together and share the various theories on which other God proofs have established foundations. I have heard it quoted that â€Å"Philosophy goes where hard science can t, or won t. Philosophers have a license to.† Therefore, with this in mind, I attest that it is more than problematic to construct anRead MoreArgument of Dualism1036 Words   |  5 PagesArguments of Dualism Dualism is the theory that mind and matter are two distinct things. The main argument for dualism is that facts about the objective external world of particles and fields of force, as revealed by modern physical science, are not facts about how things appear from any particular point of view, whereas facts about subjective experience are precisely about how things are from the point of view of individual conscious subjects. They have to be described in the first person asRead MoreThe Puzzle Of Philosophy : Is There A Self? Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesself. The father of the modern philosophy, Renà © Descartes, was among the philosophers who reached the fact that self exists. Descartes knew well that because he is able to think, then he must exist. This is known as the Cogito, one of the most powerful statements and weapon to prove that there is a self. This was the starting point which led me to stand on a solid ground and determine whether I believe that there is a self or there isn’t. Descartes used a mixture of scientific and logic attractiveRead MoreThe Matrix Is Highly Action Packed1220 Words   |  5 PagesMatrix debuted in 1999, it was an instant box office success that captivated many viewers. However throughout the featured famed actors, costumes, special effects and fight scenes, many viewers failed to notice the philosophical issues. Plato and Descartes, just like the characters in the movie are faced and driven to extreme measures to understand the world around them. They are compelled to seek knowledge in unders tanding what is real, evaluating the mind-body problem, and are left wondering if thereRead MoreIs Individuality A Part Of Human Nature? Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesa person who they are? Is it the color of one s hair or the contour of his or her face? Along with these genetic traits, comes numerous similarities with parents such as interests and even a person s accent. This idea of individuality, or also known as the self, is the personality and ideas that are in each individual and seem to be embedded genetically inside of his or her genetic code. If this sense of individuality doesn t come from a person s genetic code or parents, then where does it comeRead MoreDescartes Mind-Body Dualism Against Darwin’s Monism.Docx Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesIn my essay, I am going to argue for Descartes mind-body dualism against Darwin’s monism. I believe that the mind and body are two separate entities and that human life is not simply the result random mutations that t ook place throughout the past two billion years or so. I am not going to attempt to disprove science; I can’t do that. I am however, going to try to give specific examples on the origin of existence and the nature of reality. Renà © Descartes believed that the mind and body are separate;Read MoreNature vs Nurture, a Not Quite a Twin1684 Words   |  7 PagesNurture debate. There will be history of the debate, where it is presently and where it may go in the future. We will look at the beginning of the debate, the battle that started with Descartes and was pushed further by BF Skinner, Bandura and Piaget. We will further look at Bandura and Piaget and look at Social learning theory verses biology. Interviews with a sibling set of sisters, one adopted and one biological separated by 4 months in age will show us how being raised in the same environment will overRead MoreRene Descartes s Rules For The Direction Of The Mind 2049 Words   |  9 Pages Rene Descartes was a French 17th-century philosopher, worthy of our attention for many reasons that make him stand out. Rene Descartes is famously known for saying I think therefore I am and writing his book Rules For the Direction of The Mind†, and much more. What makes him stand out is that he was an aggressive rationalist in an age where many philosophers backed up their arguments and beliefs with the attraction to God. Descartes trusted in nothing more than the human power

Austens Diverse Presentations of Marriage Proposals in...

â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.† These are the infamous first words of Jane Austen’s Pride and prejudice. It is a beautiful, semi-epistolary romance novel about the love and relationships in Regency Britain, set in a fictional town called Meryton in Hertfordshire. It also tells a story about how even the most perceptive people can quickly and wrongly judge people as proud or unloving, when in fact, they are just shy and unable and unsure of how to communicate their feelings to each other. The Bennet family has five daughters, the beautiful and elegant eldest, Jane, the intelligent and strong-willed Elizabeth, the uptight Mary and the two youngest, Kitty†¦show more content†¦His best friend Charles Bingley on the other hand is care-free and falls in love at first sight of Jane. He is not quite so rich or handsome, but is friendly and well mannered which brings him friends wherever he goes. The representations of marriage in Pride and Prejudice are varied from being out of spite, lust and vengeance to being full of love, respect and infatuation. Chapter nineteen brings the first proposal, the unwanted prospect of marriage to Mr. Collins. When Mr. Collins asks Mrs. Bennet for a private audience with her daughter, Elizabeth anticipates what is coming and tries to excuse herself with the excuse that will not only get her away from him, but she also tries to show her mother that she is not interested in a man like him. â€Å"†¦I beg you will not go. Mr. Collins must excuse me. He can have nothing to say to me that anybody need not hear. I am going away myself.† But, this comes to no avail. In his speech, Mr. Collins presents three main ideas that he thinks represents marriage. His first motive is that he thought that he should, as a clergyman, set an example to his parish of who and when to marry. His second motive was that he thinks that it will make him happy. â€Å"I am convinced that will add very greatly to my happiness.† Here, Austen uses â€Å"My† not â€Å"Our,† so that Elizabeth gets a full understanding that he doesn’t love her at all, and so makes it easier to reject him. It also shows how insignificant marriage is in his

Psychological Prospective Free Essays

Human behavior has been studied by Psychologist throughout the years. Although they cannot agree upon what makes a person who they are, a few different theories have been developed. Among these theories are the evolutionary theory, the behavioral theory, the biological theory and the cognitive theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Prospective or any similar topic only for you Order Now The evolutionary theory focuses on our traits being passed down through the survival of genes. The behavioral theory is based upon our traits being learned by observation and our environment. The biological theory says that our traits are derived from heredity. Lastly, the cognitive theory states that our traits are a learned and come from our experiences. Of these theories, I feel that the cognitive theory and the behavioral theory are very similar because how we think about things can often be influenced by our environment. However, I lean more toward the cognitive theory. I believe that many of our traits are learned as a child from the adults around us. Many times the way we think and believe is taught to us by our parents, family members, a pastor, or a grade school teacher. Children are very influential and want to be like the people they love. As children we are taught that when we misbehave there will be consequences. By paying these consequences we learn not to repeat the bad behavior or we will pay the consequences again. An example from my childhood of cognitive learning would be when I went to the store with my mother and asked her to buy me some candy. She told me no, so when she was not looking, I put the candy bar in my pocket. When she realized what I had done, she took me back to the store and made me tell the store clerk what I had done. Not only did this embarrass me, but it also taught me a lesson. Although I knew stealing was wrong, it did not stop me from doing it because I did not know what the consequences would be. This life lesson from my mother stuck with me as a child and I still Psychological Prospective Essay 3 remember it as an adult. Since that day, I have not stolen anything else from anyone and I never will. Not only are positive behaviors learned, but negative behaviors can be learned as well. Hate can be a learned behavior and passed down from generation to generation. Racism is a form of hate. As a child, if we observe our parents treating people of different racial backgrounds in a negative way, we are taught to treat these people the same way. Until someone puts a stop to it and teaches there child to love everyone equally, the cycle will continue and go on to the next generation. An example of hate being a learned behavior from my childhood comes from my father’s side of the family. Prior to my birth, my father had a disagreement with his brothers and sisters. Because of this disagreement, my dad stopped speaking to his family. This lasted throughout my childhood and continued well into my adult life. Even though I had never met my aunts and uncles and they had done nothing to me personally, I did not like them and had negative feelings toward them. When I was in my twenties, my dad found out he had cancer and did not have much time left to live. He finally made peace with his family and I met my dad’s brother for the first time. He was a very nice man and I realized I had hated him my whole life for absolutely no reason other than that I was told to dislike him. Through studies, Psychologist have learned that even something as horrible as child abuse can be a cognitive behavior. Many child abusers report that as children they also suffered abused at the hands of their parents. Many people would think that a man or woman who grew up in a home where child abuse was present would remember the pain and suffering that it caused them. That it would make them want to break the cycle and not cause their own child this same pain. However, in reality, they continue the same pattern of behavior that they learned from there parents and the cycle continues. Psychological Prospective Essay In summary, my belief is that our identities are formed in many different ways, but the cognitive theory is the one that I believe in the most. Why do I do what I do? Why do I feel the way I feel? Why do I think the way I think? I believe that our personalities are built over time 4 through our memories and experiences that we have along the way. As we grow up and develop, we are both positively and negatively influenced by the people in our lives. No matter how we become who we are today, as we look back on our lives we can all pinpoint experiences and people who changed our lives forever. The story of how we became who we are is a reflection of the experiences we have had, the places we have been, the people we have met and people who have loved us along the way. How to cite Psychological Prospective, Papers

Psychological Prospective Free Essays

Human behavior has been studied by Psychologist throughout the years. Although they cannot agree upon what makes a person who they are, a few different theories have been developed. Among these theories are the evolutionary theory, the behavioral theory, the biological theory and the cognitive theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Prospective or any similar topic only for you Order Now The evolutionary theory focuses on our traits being passed down through the survival of genes. The behavioral theory is based upon our traits being learned by observation and our environment. The biological theory says that our traits are derived from heredity. Lastly, the cognitive theory states that our traits are a learned and come from our experiences. Of these theories, I feel that the cognitive theory and the behavioral theory are very similar because how we think about things can often be influenced by our environment. However, I lean more toward the cognitive theory. I believe that many of our traits are learned as a child from the adults around us. Many times the way we think and believe is taught to us by our parents, family members, a pastor, or a grade school teacher. Children are very influential and want to be like the people they love. As children we are taught that when we misbehave there will be consequences. By paying these consequences we learn not to repeat the bad behavior or we will pay the consequences again. An example from my childhood of cognitive learning would be when I went to the store with my mother and asked her to buy me some candy. She told me no, so when she was not looking, I put the candy bar in my pocket. When she realized what I had done, she took me back to the store and made me tell the store clerk what I had done. Not only did this embarrass me, but it also taught me a lesson. Although I knew stealing was wrong, it did not stop me from doing it because I did not know what the consequences would be. This life lesson from my mother stuck with me as a child and I still Psychological Prospective Essay 3 remember it as an adult. Since that day, I have not stolen anything else from anyone and I never will. Not only are positive behaviors learned, but negative behaviors can be learned as well. Hate can be a learned behavior and passed down from generation to generation. Racism is a form of hate. As a child, if we observe our parents treating people of different racial backgrounds in a negative way, we are taught to treat these people the same way. Until someone puts a stop to it and teaches there child to love everyone equally, the cycle will continue and go on to the next generation. An example of hate being a learned behavior from my childhood comes from my father’s side of the family. Prior to my birth, my father had a disagreement with his brothers and sisters. Because of this disagreement, my dad stopped speaking to his family. This lasted throughout my childhood and continued well into my adult life. Even though I had never met my aunts and uncles and they had done nothing to me personally, I did not like them and had negative feelings toward them. When I was in my twenties, my dad found out he had cancer and did not have much time left to live. He finally made peace with his family and I met my dad’s brother for the first time. He was a very nice man and I realized I had hated him my whole life for absolutely no reason other than that I was told to dislike him. Through studies, Psychologist have learned that even something as horrible as child abuse can be a cognitive behavior. Many child abusers report that as children they also suffered abused at the hands of their parents. Many people would think that a man or woman who grew up in a home where child abuse was present would remember the pain and suffering that it caused them. That it would make them want to break the cycle and not cause their own child this same pain. However, in reality, they continue the same pattern of behavior that they learned from there parents and the cycle continues. Psychological Prospective Essay In summary, my belief is that our identities are formed in many different ways, but the cognitive theory is the one that I believe in the most. Why do I do what I do? Why do I feel the way I feel? Why do I think the way I think? I believe that our personalities are built over time 4 through our memories and experiences that we have along the way. As we grow up and develop, we are both positively and negatively influenced by the people in our lives. No matter how we become who we are today, as we look back on our lives we can all pinpoint experiences and people who changed our lives forever. The story of how we became who we are is a reflection of the experiences we have had, the places we have been, the people we have met and people who have loved us along the way. How to cite Psychological Prospective, Papers

Camel Essay Example For Students

Camel Essay More than 3,000 years ago an ungainly but useful desert aimal was domesticatedin Arabia. It was the Arabian camel, a long-legged beast withone large hump onits back. It could cross hot deserts without needing much water, and it couldcarry heavy loads without tiring. The two-humped Bactrian camel of central Asiawas also domesticated long ago. It is sturdier than the Arabian and can carryheavier loads. During the winter, its brownish hair is thick and long forprotection from the cold nights. It sheds is hair in patches in the spring, asthe weather warms up. Camels are hornless hoofed mammals. Their hoofs are likeleathery pads. Their toes spread apart when they walk on sand o snow. Camels arecalledships of the desert because they sway from side to side whenthey walk and carry loads. Some camels are trained for riding. They kneel toallow riders to mount. A camel saddle must fit over the large single hump orbetween the two smaller humps. A special breed of Arabian camel, the dromedary,has been developed for riding and racing. It has longer legs and weighs lessthan a regular baggage camel. It can run at speeds up to 10 milesper hour. A camels hump is a large deposit of fat. The camels body uses thefat as food when plant food is not available during long desert treks. Water isnot stored in the hump. Camels do not sweat so much as other mammals. They storewater in the body tissues and in pouches in the stomach, and use it very slowly. Tests have shoun that a camel can lose up to a quarter oof its body weight influids, without suffering any ill effects. Camels are still used by nomadicpeople of northern Africa and Asia. Camels cary loads where cars and truckscannont go. They are also useful for their hides, hair, bones, meat, and milk. asoft fabric can be woven from their hair. There are camel-like animals in SouthAfrica. Relatives of the camel are important to the Indians of the Andes. Thellama was domesticated long ago as a beast of burden. The Inca Indians used itto carry metal ores from mines in the mountains. It has long white or brownhair. The dark-colored alpaca has even longr hair, which is exported all overthe world adn made into fabric. Teh wool worn by Inca kings was woven from thevery soft, fine hair of the wild vicuna. The guanaco is the tallest of the SouthAmerican camel-like animals. The hair of the guanaco is too stiff to be useful.

Labour Relations and Employment Law

Question: Discuss the industrial relationship in Singapore? Answer: Introduction: Background of the sinapore industrial relations: The Industrial relationship in Singapore developed on the collegial relationship between ruling political party, the labor movement and the Peoples Action Party. This inter-relationship between the three and their dispute among each other gave rise to the foundation of the Industrial Relationship in Singapore (Blanpain, R. (Ed.). 2013). One of the main key for the trade relationship in Singapore was the trade unions of the country. Their existence in the anti-colonial struggle and the advantage used by the Peoples Action Party and the communist arose an uneasy atmosphere between them. In the year 1961, the trade union of Singapore split in to two halves, one to be known as the Singapore Association of Trade Union (SATU) and the other came to be known as the National Trade Union of Congress, non-communist (NTUC). Among the two divisions, the National trade Union of Congress became the ruling trade union of Singapore mainly because of the governmental support and cooperation (Gan, B.,e t al, 2012). Another contributing reason for the emergence of NTUC as the ruling party of trade union in Singapore is the strike that was held by Singapore Association of Trade Union, in 1963, which resulted in banning of the procommunist trade organization and arrest of their leaders. The strong bonding between the Peoples Action Party and National Trade union of Congress, held the base of the industrial relations in Singapore. Purpose of the study: The main purpose for researching on the Industrial Relations of Singapore will help us to understand the causes for the present prevailing industrial relations in Singapore in relation to its aspects and the its features as well as the reasons for the prevailing dispute and struggle. It will at the same time enhance our scope of knowledge about the industrial relations of Singapore. The scope of a research on the industrial relationship of Singapore will be discussing the history of the industrial relations to the statistical reviews of the strikes and foreign investment made by Singapore in the past twenty years to the theory of John Dunlop explaining the role of four key players of an industry. Dunlops theory on industrial relation: John Thomas Dunlop, an economist of Harvard University led down his theory on industrial relations. His theory is mainly provides for a pattern which will help people to understand the model relationship between the industries and their workers and will also help in improving and thereby enhancing the relationship between labors and management. His theory recognizes the key actors of an industry, their inter-relationships and the outcomes of their relationships. Role of the four key players of indural relations and their contribution: According to his theory on industrial relations there are mainly four key players of an industrial belt. The four key players are Government, Employer, Union and the Employee. Each of them plays a vital role in assessing the relationships in industrial sector. Government: Its Role And Contribution Government of any country plays a vital role in regulating the activities of his territory. It is to be mentioned here that as government is the head of the country generally it is there duty to regulate the business world with discipline. For proper regulation of the business world within the country, it frames policies and rules and regulates them for the purpose. A government is the one who maintains uniformity within the country (Waring, P., Lewer, J. 2013). The main purpose of a government is provide for a well developed industrial relation within the country which will provide equal benefit to the employers as well as the employees and the trade unions. At the same time it is the government who has to look in to the economy of the country as well parallel to an effective relationship between employer, employee and trade union. It is expected that the government of Singapore is to frame new sets of rules and laws in order to regulate the business world and the pattern of work to be followed. It is the duty of the government to scrutinized as to whether the rules are being followed by industries in accordance to the rules framed (Heery, E. 2015). The Singapore government has framed a fiscal policy for its country which lays emphasis on the development and expansion of private sector business. The Ministry of Manpower Singapore mainly concentrates on investing in private sector industries, where there is less chance of investment by the industries themselves. It mainly lays down emphasis on providing well skilled technical knowledge to its manpower along with good education as per the need of the economy of the country (Baldry, C. 2012). Employer: Its Role And Contribution An employer is one who engages worker in his business and pays them a salary or wages in exchange of the service rendered by them. It is in the interest of the employer, that he shall assure a better atmosphere of work to his employees so as to run his business smoothly. A better work, equal opportunity and treatment towards each employee of his business will assure a smooth organization as well will reduce the chances of dispute among the management and the workers. An organization named the Singapore National Employers Federation has been established to enhance the business skills of the employees in relation to practice of employment. The main purpose for establishing the organization is to lay forward the structure of performance expected from employers (Emmenegger, P. (Ed.). 2012). The Singapore National Employers Federation is formed so as establish a balance in the industrial relations in Singapore. This organization has enabled the employers to enhance the competition among the workforce parallel to that also look after the maintenance of the working environment for the workers and to perform their duties in respect of their client, employees, shareholders and Singapore (Varma, A., Budhwar, P. S. 2013). Employees: Its Role And Contribution Employers can be defined to be the group of people who work for the benefit of a business and get paid for the services rendered by them by the employers. The employees generally work for the benefit of the company with the purpose of improving the terms and conditions of their employment (Rodan, G. (Ed.). 2013). There main objective shall be to deliver their service with due care and diligence. The efficiency of an employee is mostly depended on the interest taken by their employer in their activities. The interest of an employer in their activities encourages them to work more efficiently and maintain their loyalty towards the company (Heracleous, L., Wirtz, J. 2012). Trade Union: Its Role And Contribution Trade Union is an organization which is mostly run on the membership of the employees of different services and profession. The main interest or objective of a trade union is to ensure that their members are working smoothly without any interruption. They try to assure a better environment of work, proper adequate wages and safety of their workers. The National Trade Union of Congress is the only trade union in Singapore at present (Kaminska, M. E., Visser, J. 2011). At present there 60 trade unions affiliated under it and one taxi association affiliated under it. Membership to trade union is automatically done in Singapore and majority of the decisions of the industrial belt is taken by the trade unions as trade unions in Singapore runs on democratic base line. They play a vital role in assessing the decision making power of the industries in regards to the economy, employees and employers (Thomas, et al (Eds.). 2014). Contributional examples: Tripartism: Tripartism is generally a procedure and a pattern by which the social partners tries to create awareness and at the same time contributes the development, thereby over looking the social partners by an activity to formulate and boost the ability to contribute in tripartite process. The role of tripartism in Singapore is significant in nature. It plays a vital role in deciding the industrial relation in Singapore (Park, B. G., et al, (Eds.). 2012). It takes up the role to reinforce the economic competition in the country at international level along with process management of labor relations and assuring general development of the country from the reinforcement of their activities. The main motive and objective of tripartism can be divided in to four parts. The first point is the scope of creation of employment. It aims at obtaining scopes to create more employment for the people of the country (Baird, M., Williamson, S. 2011). Secondly it tries in reinforcing the retirement age and extend it so that peole can work till the age they are capable of working and thereby they dont suffer from economical issues due to early age retirement. Thirdly, they try to ensure proper training to the employees and thereby try to upgrade their employment skills. Lastly, they try to assure that there is a fair practice in regards to employment within the country (Chew, S. B. 2014). A fair practice will lead to improved situations between the employer, employees and the trade union. National wages council: At the time when in Singapore industries were growing rapidly, at a fast phase and wages expectation was increasing at a rapid speed, The national wages council was established to determine fair wages within the country system (Waring, P., Lewer, J. 2013). The committee was aware of the fact that increase in expectation of high wages would led to industrial disputes thereby effecting the investments and the growth of Singapore. The main objective of the National Wages Council was to regulate fair wages within the industry system so that it is effective in the long run in relation to economic and social growth of Singapore. Flexible wage system: The idea of Flexible wage system gained recognition in the period when Singapore was being affected by huge recession. The main objective of the flexible wage system was to regulate a fair wage system within the industrial belt so as to reduce the effects of demanding high wage rates and also to bring a flexibility of working within the industrial belt among the employer, employees and the government (Yew, L. K. 2012).. Statistical review: The total labor force in Singapore was 2341.9 in the year 2004. In a decade this rate of labor increased rapidly 3530.8 in the year 2014. The annual average turnover of labor force in Singapore in the year 2005 was 2.7 which decreased to 2.6 in the year 2014, as recorded by the ministry of manpower in Singapore. The average foreign investment rate was $220.4 in the year 1995 which rapidly increased to $353.50 in the year as 2005, as recorded by the Singapore Statistical department. A huge increase in the rate of foreign investment was noticed in the year 2014, with an average of $625.2, an increase by 12%. Conclusion: Industrial relations need to be smooth as a countrys economy is largely depended upon industries of a country.. So it is vital that the four keys to an industrial relation shall work accordingly as per the theory of John Dunlop. Tripartism is the base of industrial relations today in Singapore. Tripartism basically ensures proper communication of the activities of different social groups in the country. Working as per the rules will ensure a better environment to work both for the employees and employers and will benefit the government of Singapore. References: Blanpain, R. (Ed.). (2013).Comparative labour law and industrial relations. Springer. Gan, B., Morgan, D. E., Sheldon, P. (2012). Business-Government Relations and Institutional Leadership in Singapore: The Case of the Singapore National Employers Federation.Available at SSRN 2130972. 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